A Case Of Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 757 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? The newspaper columnist In this dilemma we will be looking at wrong versus right and should be versus what is. When you sign a contract with another person or entity it is a formal agreement that has legal bindings. When the columnist signed the contract with the newspaper chain they were giving their word that they would work for a certain amount of time for a certain amount of money. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Case Of Ethical Dilemma" essay for you Create order Just because you change your mind does not remove your word. By breaking the contract they went back on their word which is wrong to do. They strength of your word is your ability to follow through with it, and by not following through it hurts your credibility. What the columnist should have done was to go to the newspaper chain and explain that they would like to be relieved of their word/contract so that they could pursue other interests. If the newspaper chain agreed to let them out of the contract then the columnist would be free to leave without having commit any unethical actions. Beings the columnist was not released willingly, to act ethically they should have fulfilled their commitment before moving on to another opportunity. Beings a judge is having to decide the legality of the columnist breaking the contract we can know that the newspaper chain did not release them willingly and an unethical action was committed. While these actions do not follow under the classification of good or evil; they can be appropriately classified as wrong. I believe that both Augustine and Aquinas would have come to the same conclusion that I came to. Augustine believed that we are responsible for our own actions and that we should strive to live a virtuous life, which would include being true to your word. He also believed that living a life of reason led to ones well-being, and following through on a commitment made is a reasonable expectation. Aquinas thought that using reason and living morally led to a better life (happiness). He believed that the Natural Law can be realized by using reason and your conscience which will lead you to do what is right. All of these practices and ideas would lead you to fulfill the contract if those you entered into it with were unwilling to release you from it. The office worker In the case of the office worker, their actions are unethical for many reasons. Using your vacation days and sick leave days is a perfectly ethical act; even using days beyond these with permission in and of itself isnt unethical. The actions become unethical when there is a noticeable negative effect on those affected by your actions. Once the office worker realized that he was creating hostility with those around him, and his supervisor he should have made adjustments that would have mitigated the issues caused by his desired time off. His actions created a heavier workload on his fellow workers and caused a lack of efficiency for the company that pays him to help them by facilitating his function. Some actions that he could have been performed to help prevent this action from being unethical would be; work late to get ahead so that in his absence other workers wouldnt have to work harder to make up for his absence, check to see if there was a way to work remotely such as teleworking or a collaborative suite such as SharePoint site setup that would allow him to still facilitate his function while away. While I think his actions are unethical I believe that some of the fault lies on the supervisor for either not having clearly defined the expectations to him upon being hired, or not counseling him on the possible repercussions of excessive time off and following through on it so that others dont suffer due to his lack of dedication. Augustine and Aquinas both would have agreed with my interpretations. Both of these men had there concepts of right and wrong taken from biblical teachings. Because their principals are founded on Christian teachings; the proverbs about working hard would likely have been a reference used by these two men. Your conscience should alert you when you are doing something that is unfair or harmful to others and because of this the office workers conscience should have made him try to avoid causing unnecessary hardship on his fellow workers. Aquinas would have likely pointed out that he surely was ignoring his heart and conscience otherwise he would not have taken those extra days off.

Essay on Self Reflection and Personality Traits - 1190 Words

Personality is the expression of a person’s traits according to ones feelings, mentality and behavior. It involves understanding individuals’ traits such as withdrawal and willpower and how various parts of an individual link together to form personality. Personality expresses itself from within an individual and is comparatively regular throughout in an individual’s life. Different people have different personalities dependent on factors such as environment and genetic composition. Our personality is dependent on the success or failure of our development in the eight stages of life. This is proposed by Erik Erikson. Success in the development stages lead to virtues while the failure leads to malignancies. Personality traits Some of my†¦show more content†¦For instance, if a patient prefers intravenous injections to tablets, I can opt to prescribe the injection other than the tablets provided they serve the same purpose. In conclusion, some examples of sociability as a personality trait are; being friendly; ready to lend a hand and considerate, to mention but a few of those sited above. This trait was initiated in me during my third stage of development, according to Erik Erikson. Who proposed that from the age of three to six a child becomes more initiative? It is evident that during this age children easily make friends and are very playful. Therefore this development stage, one gets a chance to play with many friends of different up bringing from mine. This enabled me to relate with different people and has to date helped me in public relations (Maslow, 2011). The other personality character is strong will. This means that one has a determined spirit to achieve set goals. T his could be described just as extroversion, a theory that was proposed by Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist. According to him, extroversive people are self-confident; enjoy the company of other people and are always enthusiastic. They also easily achieve. According to Carl Rogers another psychologist, he proposed that every person has an actualizing tendency that enables them to develop their abilities. Therefore, an extrovert individual has the inner drive to develop his or her potentials. According to the description above, a person can workShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Personality Traits Of A Leader1023 Words   |  5 Pagesarticles primarily studies is about leadership and how personality traits of a leader can reflect and affect his or her role. The first article was conducted by Liliendfel, Waldman, Landfield, Watts, Rubenzer, and Faschingbauer in 2012 titled, â€Å"Fearless Dominance and the U.S. Presidency: Implications of Psychopathic Personality Traits for Successful and Un successful Political Leadership† whose purpose is to evaluate and measure the personality of the 42 U.S. presidents. The second article titled asRead MoreI, By The Audience Experienced The Journey Of Chris Ladd882 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced the journey of Chris Ladd as he worked to determine his true identity. His journey reflected the change in ideas and measurement of personality over time. He ultimately concluded that there isn’t a way to label one’s own identity, but rather all measurements are simply descriptors. To arrive at this conclusion he partook in the three major methods of personality study: Subjective, Objective and BLIS-Data Inventories. Through these tests, it was present that though major themes were continued throughoutRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Leadership1362 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,  103(3), 489 -505. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pdhAN=2012-19403-001site=eds-livescope=site InRead MoreLeadership Theories, Approaches, And Philosophies1172 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership Theory: Trait Approach to Leadership After reading and sitting through class discussion, I have learned a lot of leadership theories, approaches, and philosophies. The one that stuck out most to me was the, Trait Approach, because it is a great place to being your leadership journey, it can be developed or honed, and it has worked well in my life. The Trait Approach is a leader-focused approach. 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Personalities are made up of the characteristicRead MoreSelf Reflection Analysis : Everybody Has One A Personality 1425 Words   |  6 Pages Self-Reflection Analysis Kellae Gyening Troy University Dr. Barbara Toner February 18, 2016 Self-Reflection Analysis â€Å"Everybody has one—a personality, that is—and yours will help determine the boundaries of your success and life fulfillment† ( (Schultz Schultz, 2012, p. 2). Correspondingly, the authors emphasize that personality is the most significant attribute of all individuals. Gordon Allport introduced the world to the original theoretical view of personality traits in 1937Read MoreEssay And Peer Reflection : Personality Theory781 Words   |  4 Pages Essay and Peer Reflection: Personality Theory A.J. Molina LeTourneau University â€Æ' Essay and Peer Reflection: Personality Theory Introduction Humanistic Psychology presents insight into understanding human behavior by delving into the individualistic view of each person. 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Demonstrate consistency â€Å"say what you do, and do what you say† leadership endure frustration and stress to reactRead MorePersonality Reflection976 Words   |  4 PagesDelawrence Reed Psy/250 Version 6 Professor Wilkerson Personality Reflection Personality cares for the important, strong measures of a human being’s psychological vitality. Traits relates to an individual being merry or depressed, active or care less, brilliant or ignorant. There are many different definitions about personality. Most definitions are on mental system which is a cluster of mental pieces implicating purposes, feelings, and thinking patterns. The meanings alternate a littleRead MoreItem Personality Inventory ( Tipi )847 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach to the assignment I used the Ten – Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to rate my own personality. I also recruited the assistance of my husband to score my personality traits using this same measure. 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Range Of Duties by Directors and Officers â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Range Of Duties by Directors and Officers? Answer: Introduction: This case is related with the range of duties by the directors and officers of the corporation. It is also known as Centro case. In this case, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission started proceedings in the court against the directors of Centro. These included two executive directors of the corporation and six were non-executive directors. Among the two executive directors were, the former, MD and CEO of the company as well as Chief Financial Officer. The ASIC, was seeking a declaration according to which there has been a breach of duty by the defendants. That is mentioned in section 180(1) as well as section 344(1) and 601FD(1). The duty mentioned in s180 is known as the duty of care and diligence. It was alleged by the ASIC that the above-mentioned duties were breached when the directors of Centro had approved the financial statements of the company for 2007. There was an error present in these financial statements as the death of 1.5 billion has been stated as the non-current liability of the corporation but the truth was that it was the current liability of the corporation. Similarly, these financial statements also failed to mention $1.7 billion in guarantees. Another significant fact that was pointed out in this case was that central management and Price Waterhouse Cooper with was the external auditor for this group and also examines the statements and the report prepared by the directors, but they also fail to find these mistakes. Hence, the court was faced with issues including the determination if the directors of a large corporations have certain additional requirements due to which they should apply their mind and carefully examined the proposed statements of the corporation and they should make efforts to ensure that all the information that has been mentioned in the report is dependable on the grounds of their personal knowledge concerning the affairs of the corporation. Similarly, another issue before the court was to consider if any significant error has been committed by the directors due to the reason that either they knew regarding these matters or they should have been known regarding these matters. In this case, the Commission alleged in the court that as a result of the conduct of these directors, it can be said that there has been a breach of section 180(1) and 601FD, as well as other provisions of the Corporations Act. At this point, it is worth mentioning that the duty that has been mentioned in s180(1) applies to the directors and officers of the corporation. It requires that the directors should fulfill their duties by applying the same care and diligence that can be expected from any other reasonable person, who is acting in the same position and under similar circumstances of the company. Section 601FD also imposes an obligation for the officers of responsible entity concerning registered scheme. The Commission also made a navigation in this case that the Centro directors were also liable for the breach of s344(1). The reason was that these directors have failed to take reasonable steps that are necessary to comply with or to secure the compliance of the company concerning the financial reporting obligations mentioned in the Corporations Act under sections 295A, 296, 297 and 298. Outline the duties/responsibilities (e.g. CA s. 181) breached and explain why the duties were breached It was the decision of the court in this case that the Centro directors have breached their duties and responsibilities. These included the duty that has been imposed on the directors were section 181. The court was of the opinion that this directors of Centro knew very well regarding the interest-bearing liabilities of the corporation. Similarly, all these directors were either aware of the relevant accounting principles or should have been aware of them, and consequently, these directors and should have been alerted that an apparent error exists in the proposed financial statements. In view of these findings, it was held by the court that there was failure on part of all the defendant directors to the reasonable steps for evaluating the proposed financial statements, particularly regarding the debts of the corporation, as well as the guarantees that need to be stated in these statements. It was also held by the court that there was the failure on part of these directors to make rea sonable inquiries from the audit committee or from the management of the corporation concerning the protected statements that have been made in the financial statements concerning the short-term debts/guarantees. In the same way, these directors could not amend these apparent errors present in the financial statements. After arriving at these conclusions, the court was of the opinion that all the defendant directors were liable for breaching their duty of care and diligence. Hence the findings of the report was that the Centro directors have breached their duty stated in s180(1) and 601FD. It was also helped by the court that the former directors have also failed to take reasonable steps for the purpose of ensuring that the financial reporting obligations of the corporation have fulfilled and, consequently, they were also liable for the contravention of section 344, Corporations Act. Discuss and critically ANALYSE the court/tribunal decision and the reason for the decision in view of the Corporations Act In this part of the assignment, the reasoning adopted by the court to decide the case has been analyzed, by applying the provisions of Corporations Act. This case was decided by the court by keeping in view, the fact that although it has been mentioned in the Corporations Act that the directors are allowed to delegate the work of the preparation of the accounts of the company to another person (Baxt, Fletcher and Fridman, 2008). Similarly, they are also allowed by the Business Law to delegate the other tasks related with the day-to-day affairs of corporation but it is worth mentioning that even in such cases, it is the responsibility of the directors to always examine the information placed before them. Among the responsibilities imposed on the directors by the law, it is also required that the directors should properly understand all the information that has been provided to them regarding the company. In case the director finds that they are not clear regarding certain information, it is the legal obligation of the directors to ask questions concerning it (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). This responsibility also exists when the directors are examining the proposed financial statements of their corporation. As a result of the importance of these duties of the directors, it is required that the directors should properly understand all the information that has been provided to them. In case there is some ambiguity regarding this information among the directors, they are legally required to make further inquiries. But the court found in this case that the financial statements of Centro contained certain apparent errors (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, , 2013). These errors cannot be described as a result of mere technical oversight. Consequently, if the directors of the company would have applied their mind to these statements, it would have been very easy for them to find the presence of these errors (ACCC v Leahy Petroleum Pty., 2009]). These were the circumst ances under which the court held the opinion that either this directors knew regarding these errors or they should have known regarding the fact that certain apparent errors can be found in these statements. The court also expressed the opinion to support its decision it was also stated by the court that keeping in view. The importance of these issues, it was necessary for the former directors of Centro that the financial statements of the Company should not be certified by them as true and fair. In this regard, the court also expressed the opinion that the former directors should not have allowed the publication of the annual reports of the company if it was clear that there are certain significant matters that fail to find mentioned in the report. The court also pointed out towards the fact in its judgment that, the law does not require from the directors to have intimate knowledge related with all the affairs of the corporation. Therefore the directors are permitted to delegate some of their duties to other persons (Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry, [1998). In the same way while performing their duties, it is permissible for the directors to take help from other persons (Dyers v The Queen, 2002). But it is worth mentioning that even if the directors are permitted to depend on the other persons for the fulfillment of their duties, it is also necessary that the directors should not rely too much on others for the fulfillment of these duties. The Corporations Act clearly states that if the directors are going to delegate some of their tasks to other persons, the delegation of work should be according to section 295(4). In view of these provisions, it becomes clear that although it is permissible for the directors to del egate some of their responsibilities to the persons but the final responsibility will be of the directors only. The effect of this judgment can be described as a reminder for the directors regarding their obligation that they should play an active role in the financial management of the corporation. In the same way, the responsibility has been imposed on the directors to ensure that they properly understand all the information that has been placed before them. The directors should also ask questions regarding information if there is anything presented the information that is not clear to them. It will not act as an excuse if the directors Martin claimed that they had relied on the ground and regarding the financial statements of the corporation and the statements are automatically signed by them by assuming that the statement was correct. The court stated that it is the core requirement imposed on the directors that they should play an active role in the management of the corporation. Similarly, they have an obligation to take all reasonable steps so that they may be in a position where they can guide and monitor. In view of these legal obligations, it becomes the responsibility of the directors to read, understand and focus on the information that is present in these reports as an obligation has been imposed by the law on all the directors to approve or adopt these reports. Therefore, it is necessary that the financial statements of the corporation are carefully read and understood by the directors. Such reading and understanding of the financial reports will need that the director should consider if the financial statements placed before them are consistent with their own knowledge regarding the financial position of the corporation. This accumulated knowledge is the result of several responsibilities that have been imposed on the directors while performing the role and function of the director in the corporation. These include that the director should have at least a basic understanding concerning the business of the company. Similarly it is also required that the directors should be familiar with the fundamentals of business of the corporation. The director is also under the legal obligation to remain informed regarding the activities of the company, although it is not necessary that the director should be aware of the day-to-day activities of the corporation but the affairs and policies of the corporation should be closely monitored by the directors. In the same way, the directors should be familiar with the financial status of the company by regularly reviewing and understanding the financial statements. Although it is true that a director is not and monitor but still it is necessary that the director should have a questioning mind. The duty imposed on the directors to pay attention to the affairs of the company is not relieved. Even if such affairs are beyond the area of expertise of the directors. What is expected from the directors in such a case is that they should take deligent interest in the information placed before them, understand the information and apply an inquiring mind to these responsibilities. References Baxt, R, Fletcher, K Fridman, S 2008, Corporations and associations: cases and materials, 10th edn, LexisNexis, Butterworths, Sydney, New South Wales Harris, J, Hargovan, A Adams, M, 2013, Australian corporate Business Law, 4thedn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales Sweeney, B, OReilly, J Coleman, A, 2013, Law in Commerce, 6thedn.2015, Australian Corporations Legislation, LexisNexis Butterworths/CCH (Vol 1) Case Law Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Leahy Petroleum Pty [2009] FCA 1678 Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australasia Ltd v Ferrcom Pty Ltd (1991) 22 NSWLR 389 (CA) Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry [1998] FCA 968 Dyers v The Queen (2002) HCA 45

The Worrying Population Statistics

Table of Contents Summary Analysis Interpretation Opinion/insight References Summary Roberts (2011) article highlights on the increased world population, which currently stands at about seven billion people. To estimate the world’s population, UN and USCB use statistics and censuses from over 228 political entities and countries. The censuses and statistics not only help to project deaths inclusive of those caused by epidemics but also to project births inclusive of those conceived by the refugees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Worrying Population Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Approximately, 367,000 people are born each day while 153,000 people die each day hence resulting into an increase of 78.5 million people annually. As revealed, the increased population results from the gradual decline of deaths and gradual increase of births in a rapid manner. As a result, more people are bor n whilst fewer people succumb to death thus leading to population increment â€Å"attainment of billion-person milestones every 12 or 13 years† (Roberts, 2011, para. 11). Analysis However, one cannot help but note the statistical discrepancies that exist between the United Nations and USCB. USCB notes that the population will not reach 7 billion until four months are over. This implies that the United Nations ‘miss’ the population estimation â€Å"of 28 million, which is more that all people in Saudi Arabia† (Roberts, 2011, para. 2). The justification behind the outcome is the â€Å"margin of error of at least 1 percent† (Roberts, 2011, para. 4) which is said to give room for errors. Considering that UN and USCB collected information from similar sources, the estimation should be approximately the same and therefore, the error margin is not justifiable. A close look reveals that the disparity results from interpretation of figures. USCB use ‘s illy’ or impractical population interpreters ‘population clock’ that projects the number of persons who die or are given birth to every minute. As indicated, UN â€Å"don’t use a population clock† (Roberts, 2011, para. 6). Unfortunately, USCB dismisses these claims when they state that their estimates are precise ‘remarkably close’ (Roberts, 2011, para. 10). This shows that they are not willing to solve the population’s statistical differences between them and UN. Interpretation The more people the world has, the more resources are used. Therefore, if there is an increased population that the world can barely support, people will competed for the available resources including land, water and the available economic opportunities. This implies that there are people who will be destitute.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, increased competition for the available resources implies that people will have to fight for the resources thus resulting to conflicts, which can lead to wars. This explains why there is a need to have proper population estimates. They form the basis of addressing the needs and problems that the world’s population is facing such as mitigating overpopulation. Opinion/insight Changes in population could affect all people including me. If the world becomes overpopulated, I would likely succumb to poverty or live in a war-stricken society. For this reason, I think that the USCB and the UN should collaboratively evaluate the population estimates. This will help them come up with the most appropriate method that they can use to interpret the statistics and the censuses collected. In addition, this will help them come up with a more precise estimate for the world’s population and project how the population growth will be in future. This way, all members of the soci ety including the government and the international bodies can come up with precise solutions that could help mitigate overpopulation. References Roberts, S. (2011). U.N. says 7 billion now share the world. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/united-nations-reports-7-billion-humans-but-others-dont-count-on-it.html This essay on The Worrying Population Statistics was written and submitted by user Myles Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.