Road less Travelled :: essays research papers

Certain administrators, educators, and medical professionals in our ranks are recommending strange books which teach skepticism, atheism, and New Age philosophies. This present report draws the curtain back, so you forget non be ignorant when these concepts and their corollary code words are presented in your area. It may all sound very exciting, mystifying, and life-changing. But it is old-fashioned Oriental mysticism in a new guise. There are churchmen and medical professionals in our ranks who claim that these books will change a persons life. We agree. THE ROAD slight traveledM. Scott Peck, M.D., is a practicing psychiatrist. His most famous book is The Road Less Traveled, which was initially published in 1978. It has been a national best-seller ever since. This book, and its companion volumes by the analogous author, are increasingly being urged on our people. The subtitle of this book is A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values and Spiritual Growth. Sounds pretty goo d, does it not? Do not be fooled. We are giving you an advance warning. You may baffle these theories taught at your own church one of these days. Peck excites the imagination to noble-minded flights of learn while subtly instilling pride in ones own light. This is the secret of its fascination. It lures one on to seek a perception abstruse from, and unavailable to, commonplace people. One might destine that M. Scott Peck is a very wise man, in view of the profundity which people recall they find in his writings yet we will learn that, by his own admission, he is a tobacco and alcohol addict. The wisdom of the world is folly with God. The wisdom which spiritualism imparts is that described by the apostle James, which descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. This, however, the great deceiver initially conceals.Great Controversy, 554.M. Scott Peck teaches his readers that they must forsake the half-truths their parents make believe taught them and become skeptics in mold to attain the level where wisdom begins Science is a religion of skepticism. To escape from the microcosm of our childhood experience, from the microcosm of our culture and its dogmas, from the half-truths our parents told us, it is essential that we be skeptical about what we think we have learned to date. It is the scientific attitude that enables us to transform our personal experience of the microcosm into a personal experience of the macrocosm.Road less Travelled essays research papers Certain administrators, educators, and medical professionals in our ranks are recommending strange books which teach skepticism, atheism, and New Age philosophies. This present report draws the curtain back, so you will not be ignorant when these concepts and their corollary code words are presented in your area. It may all sound very exciting, mystifying, and life-changing. But it is old-fashioned Oriental mysticism in a new guise. There are churchmen and medical professio nals in our ranks who claim that these books will change a persons life. We agree. THE ROAD LESS TRAVELEDM. Scott Peck, M.D., is a practicing psychiatrist. His most famous book is The Road Less Traveled, which was initially published in 1978. It has been a national best-seller ever since. This book, and its companion volumes by the same author, are increasingly being urged on our people. The subtitle of this book is A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values and Spiritual Growth. Sounds pretty good, does it not? Do not be fooled. We are giving you an advance warning. You may find these theories taught at your own church one of these days. Peck excites the imagination to lofty flights of fancy while subtly instilling pride in ones own wisdom. This is the secret of its fascination. It lures one on to seek a wisdom hidden from, and unavailable to, commonplace people. One might think that M. Scott Peck is a very wise man, in view of the profundity which people imagine they find in his writings yet we will learn that, by his own admission, he is a tobacco and alcohol addict. The wisdom of the world is foolishness with God. The wisdom which spiritualism imparts is that described by the apostle James, which descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. This, however, the great deceiver initially conceals.Great Controversy, 554.M. Scott Peck teaches his readers that they must forsake the half-truths their parents have taught them and become skeptics in order to attain the level where wisdom begins Science is a religion of skepticism. To escape from the microcosm of our childhood experience, from the microcosm of our culture and its dogmas, from the half-truths our parents told us, it is essential that we be skeptical about what we think we have learned to date. It is the scientific attitude that enables us to transform our personal experience of the microcosm into a personal experience of the macrocosm.

Essay on The Importance of Nestor in Homers Iliad -- Iliad essays

The Importance of Nestor in Homers Iliad The role of the character Nestor in Homers Iliad is one often overlooked. Nestor is not only an Achaian counselor, prize and listened to due to his age, but he also serves as a link between the peace of home the Achaians atomic number 18 leaving and the barbarism of state of contend to which they are succumbing(Richardson 24). Nestor incites action, instills values and motivates the characters to keep a balance between this peace and barbarism. Nestor first appears in book one during an argument between Achilles and Agamemnon over Briseis, a war prize belonging to Achilles. As tensions rise and swords are about to be drawn, Nestor calms the situation by demanding the two mens attention, indeed asking for the respect he has earned with his age, for he has known far greater men who did not disdain him. He then advises Agamemnon to renounce the girl, for she belongs to Achilles. As for Achilles, Nestor advises, do not defy your King and Captain. In this way Nestor is bringing about an order which is about to be lost. The many historic period of fighting have worn patience down and the men have become caustic. It is here that we begin to see the barbarism that becomes prevalent later in the epic. Nestor is here attempting to reinstate the values of respect for authority and anothers property. Book two begins with Agamemnons dream of a definite and imminent Trojan defeat. He and his war council plan an assault on the city of Troy, and to test the loyalty of his army, Agamemnon announces they will be returning home, giving up. When the army hears that, after nine years of war in the service of Agamemnon, they will see their homeland once again, chaos prevails and, in a mad dash, they bre... ...barism, peace and war, home and adventure, and connects the present with the past and reveals the continuity of life. No other character has Nestors ability to bring order from disorder(Goodrich 117 ). Works Cited and Consu lted Bespaloff, Rachel. On the Iliad. Trans. Mary McCarthy. bran-new York Pantheon Books, 1947. Clarke, Howard. Homers Readers A Historical Introduction to the Iliad and the Odyssey. Newark, Del. University of Delaware Press, 1981. Goodrich, Norma. Myths of the hero. New York Orion Press, 1962. Homer Iliad. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York Penguin Books, 1990. Richardson, Nicholas. The Iliad A Commentary. Vol. VI books 21-24. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 1993. Willcock, Malcolm M. A Companion to the Iliad Based on the Translation by Richmond Lattimore. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1976

Physics and Firearms :: physics firearm gun guns ballistics

So you are into reloading and you wonder how well that little parcel of land with 77 grains of IMR 4350 powder behind a 300 grain round nose, full metal jacket bullet provide do. Well, you can do 2 things, a little bit of physics calculations, or go out and touch it off, hoping that it doesnt explode in the barrel I would choose to do a little physics myself By apply some basic physics equations, you can figure out just about any let out of the rifles ballistics data. For instance, if you know a few variables, you can predict range with physics, or if you like you can figure things like drag on the bullet, shove and expansion values inside the gun, on the bullet and much more, all from physics.So, lets take a look at both the capability and kinetic energies of the .338 Winchester magnum. I will use a load given by the Winchester Reloading manual, which can be found online athttp//www.winchester.com/reloader/index.htmlThis load is a 300 grain bullet, using 59.8 grains of W inchester 760 powder, and this gives a muzzle velocity of 2285 ft/sec.For potential energy we know that PE=mgh, where PE= Potential Energy, m= corporation, g=acceleration due to gravity, and h=height.So for a 300-grain bullet, the potential energy is cypherd by first finding the mass. To do this, take 300grains/7000grains/pound. This gives you a value of .042857lbs. Then we need to convert pounds to slugs (slugs are the units of mass) .042857lb/32.2ft/s2=.001331slugs. Now we can calculate the potential energy of our 300-grain bullet. We will assume that h=six feet, since that is roughly the height of the barrel when I shoot from a standing position. So, since PE=mgh, we get PE=(.00133slugs)(32.2ft/sec2)(6ft)=.256956lbft. The answer is pretty much nothing and so we can pretty much ignore the potential energy of that bullet sitting at six feet in the air, but now lets look at the Kinetic energy of this bullet when shot. Since this bullet will be twisting when it flies, it will ware rotational kinetic energy, but I really dont want to get into those calculations and from what I have read, the amount of energy given by rotation versus that of the charge behind the bullet is really insignificant so I will only calculate the KE as if the bullet is not rotating. The formula is KE=1/2mv2.

Mithraism Essay -- Cult Religion Rome Roman

MithraismMithraism is the ancient Roman mystery cult of the god Mithras. Roman worship of Mithras began sometime during the former(a) Roman empire, perhaps during the late first century of the Common Era (hereafter CE), and flourished from the second through the fourth centuries CE. While it is fairly certain that Romans encountered worship of the divinity fudge Mithras as part of Zoroastrianism in the eastern provinces of the empire, particularly in Asia Minor (now modern Turkey), the exact origins of cult practices in the Roman cult of Mithras remain polemical (see below). The evidence for this cult is mostly archaeological, consisting of the remains of mithraic temples, dedicatory inscriptions, and iconographic representations of the god and other aspects of the cult in stone sculpture, sculpted stone relief, wall painting, and mosaic. There is very(prenominal) little literary evidence pertaining to the cult.The Deity Mitra, Mithra, MithrasMithras is the Roman name for the Indo -Iranian god Mitra, or Mithra, as he was called by the Persians. Mitra is part of the Hindu pantheon, and Mithra is one of some(prenominal) yazatas (minor deities) under Ahura-Mazda in the Zoroastrian pantheon. Mithra is the god of the airy light between heaven and earth, but he is also associated with the light of the sun, and with contracts and mediation. Neither in Hinduism nor in Zoroastrianism did Mitra/Mithra have his own cult. Mitra is mentioned in the Hindu Vedas, while Mithra is is the subject of Yashts (hymns) in the Zoroastrian Avesta, a text compiled during the Sassanian period (224-640 CE) to preserve a much onetime(a) oral tradition.Possible Eastern Origins of the Roman CultThe precise relationship between the Roman cult of Mithras as it developed during ... ...umont, F. Textes et monuments figurés relatifs aux mystères de Mithra. 2 vols. Brussels, 1896, 1899.Cumont, F. The Mysteries of Mithra. Trans. T. J. McCormack. London, 1903, reprint cutting York, 1956.Hinnells, J., ed. mithraistic Studies. 2 vols. Manchester, 1975.Merkelbach, R. Mithras. Königstein, 1984.Renan, E. Marc-Aurèle et la fin du monde antique. Paris, 1882.Stark, K. B. Die Mithrasstein von Dormagen, Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande 46 (1869) 1-25.Swerdlow, N. Review Article On the Cosmical Mysteries of Mithras, Classical Philology 86 (1991) 48-63.Turcan, R. Mithras Platonicus. Leiden, 1975.Ulansey, D. The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries. New York and Oxford, 1989.Vermaseren, M. J. Corpus inscriptionum et monumentorum religionis mithriacae. 2 vols. The Hague, 1956, 1960.

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle :: Beast in the Jungle Essays

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle          In the case of Henry pile there should not be much dispute about the exactness and completeness of the representation no man ever strove much studiously or on the whole more successfully to reproduce the shape and color and movement of his     &230sthetic experience. These are the remarks of Stuart P. Sherman from his article entitled The Aesthetic noble-mindedness of Henry crowd together, from The Nation, p. 397, April 5, 1917. Now, some seventy-two years later critical readers are still coming to terms with James aesthetic vision. As we have discussed in class, James aestheticizes e genuinelything. Sexual intercourse, carnal knowledge, painful self-discovery, human mortality, etc., are often figuratively and figuratively veiled so as not to disturb or revolt the reader. Taking a closer look at this, one might say that James did this so that he himself would not be repulsed. Perhaps Jam es wasnt thinking so much of the reader as he was thinking of himself.        In The Beast in the Jungle James has aesthetically hidden the cosmos of Marchers destiny by treating it as a symbolic crouching beast waiting to spring. The reader will ask why James has done this? Wouldnt it be more effective to speak plainly of Marchers and Bartrams relationship? The author could tell us exactly why John Marcher does not marry May Bartram. The cashier tells us that Marchers situation was not a reason he could invite a woman to share and that a man of feeling didnt  cause himself to be accompanied by a lady on a tiger hunt (p. 417). This is nonsense. Marcher wont marry May because he doesnt want to inconvenience her with his condition or endanger her life on a tiger hunt? First of all, he inconveniences her right up to the day of her death with his condition, and as for the metaphorical tiger hunt, what exactly does that refer to? What is it here that James will not speak of in plain language? Simply what is the meaning of this what is the authors intent?       nonpareil might speculate that this story is somewhat autobiographical in that James himself never married and often carried on close personal relationships with a very select few. The various biographers of his life

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle :: Beast in the Jungle Essays

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle          In the case of Henry James there should not be much dispute about the exactness and completeness of the representation no man ever strove more studiously or on the whole more successfully to reproduce the shape and color and movement of his     &230sthetic experience. These are the remarks of Stuart P. Sherman from his article entitled The Aesthetic Idealism of Henry James, from The Nation, p. 397, April 5, 1917. Now, some seventy-two years later minute readers are still coming to terms with James aesthetic vision. As we have discussed in class, James aestheticizes everything. Sexual intercourse, carnal knowledge, painful self-discovery, human mortality, etc., are frequently figuratively and metaphorically veiled so as not to disturb or repulse the reader. Taking a closer look at this, cardinal might say that James did this so that he himself would not be repulsed. Perhaps James wasnt thinki ng so much of the reader as he was thinking of himself.        In The Beast in the Jungle James has aesthetically hidden the reality of Marchers destiny by treating it as a symbolic crouching wolf waiting to spring. The reader allow for ask why James has done this? Wouldnt it be more effective to speak plainly of Marchers and Bartrams relationship? The author could specialize us exactly why John Marcher does not marry May Bartram. The narrator tells us that Marchers situation was not a condition he could invite a woman to share and that a man of feeling didnt  cause himself to be accompanied by a lady on a tiger hunt (p. 417). This is nonsense. Marcher wont marry May because he doesnt want to inconvenience her with his condition or endanger her life on a tiger hunt? First of all, he inconveniences her right up to the day of her death with his condition, and as for the metaphorical tiger hunt, what exactly does that refer to? What is it here that James will not speak of in plain language? Simply what is the meaning of this what is the authors intent?      One might speculate that this story is somewhat autobiographical in that James himself never married and often carried on close personal relationships with a very select few. The various biographers of his life

Between Subjects Design

Between-subjects Designs Instructions Psychology students need to learn how to look at each factor deep down a study and the Interaction between those factors. This subsidization will assist students In learning how to understand this concept 1) For this assignment, you will test the following hypotheses a) everyday users of Backbone will have a significantly different level of self- mea reliable than infrequent users of Backbone. I) Definition of Frequent users- spend 2 hours a day on Backbone. II) Definition of Infrequent users- spend less than 2 hours a day on Backbone. ) Module 2 segmentation I Survey ) individually team member will access and complete the Backbone Survey. Save the hatful results for the next part of this assignment. 3) Module 4 Part II info Collection a) Collect data from the surveys of each team member b) Locate all the answers to the questions specifically about self-esteem l) Self- esteem Question s- c) Hold onto the survey results for the next part of the assignment. 4) Module 6 Final Study a) part Ill -T-Test I) As a team, you will use data you compiled (means from the average scores- self- esteem questions only) from the surveys to calculate a T-test on the two groups (1)Frequent users of Backbone- separate mean (2) Infrequent users of Backbone. separate mean b) part F-Orator l) use the data you compiled from the surveys to calculate an F- ratio on the 4 groups (4 means to calculate) (1) Male- Frequent/lunette-separate means (2) Female- Frequent/lunette separate means If your group consists of members of the same sex, then use ages to separate the groups For instance, under-30, over-30, etc. c) Part V- Compile the teams final results into a study (750-1,000 words) detailing the steps of the assignment.Include n your study I) Introduction- Briefly justify the reason for the study. Include the hypothesis and how it was tested. II) Method- briefly explain how the experiment was conducted (1) Participants- How many? What we re the relevant characteristics (male/female, ages, etc. )? (2) Instrument- Briefly explain the survey used to compile the data. Ill) Procedure- Were there groups? How was data compiled? How was the data measured? Make sure you clarify the study for the reader. Iv) Results- Record the mean differences on how you scored on self-esteem in these different groups.How 2) Include the F-ratio v) Discussion Include interpretation of results, ethical concerns, limitations of study, and suggestions for upcoming research. (1) Was the hypothesis supported? (2) What can you generalize from the study? V) References- List all references of literature used for this study. 5) Prepare the Final Study portion of this assignment match to the PAP guidelines found in the PAP Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. 6) Submit the Final Study assignment as one deliverable to the instructor by the end of Module 8.

Final Project: Analyzing Financial Statements

The disadvantages of striving item budgeting, according to Martin (2001) line-item budgets say nothing about how much divine service a human service agency admits, the cost of that service, the number of outcomes the agency accomplished, or their attendant costs. Another disadvantage is it limits the ability to aka change decisions as the environment and conditions change. For the closely part, a line item budget is simple to read. The inclination of Performance budgeting system is to plan, budget and evaluate emphasis in relationships between m iodiney budgeted and services and or results expected.The advantages and disadvantages of surgery budgeting system be they give information on the amount of services provided by an agency and the program costs, including estimation of the cost per output per unit AT service. I en Lastingness AT performance Educating system atomic number 18 It is not always reliable. In some organization, the performance budget system is depended up oth er departments input in order to know the output for the agency. If one-department documents are available or inaccurate, it can throw off the entire performance system.The purpose of program budgeting system is it gives insight to the effectiveness of an agency. It also relates outcome to inputs. The major advantages of program budgeting systems are that (a) they provide information on the amount of (client) outcomes achieved by a human service program and the attendant costs, including determination of cost per outcome, and (b) they raise the bevel of debate from service and efficiency concerns to clients and effectiveness concerns. The disadvantages are it is difficult to heartbeat the outcome of performance.With program budgeting systems, the debate is on effectiveness concerns (what happens to clients in terms of outcomes), not on line items or efficiency considerations. Program budgeting systems represent one way of personalizing that most elusive of all human service and soc ial work goals maintaining a client focus, Martin, (2001). Two types of traditional approaches to fund development that are appropriate for the EX. Corporation are Grant writing and undersides. In writing a grant proposal, one has to be precise in the what and why he/she is requesting a grant.In many cases a fundraiser can and will meet the needs of an organizations. Two types of nontraditional approaches to fund development that are appropriate for the EX. Corporation are A Walk-A-Thong fundraiser is one way of raising funds for PH. Location Most colleges will allow walk-a-thong on their campuses as long as the date does not conflict with any other events they may have scheduled. Date Check dates in the community to make sure there are no conflict dates to hinder the outcome of the walk-a-thong outcome. Food & Drinks although it is a walk-a-thong, people will need food and drinks to keep up their strength.Solicit area grocery stores for fruits and things for sandwiches as we ll as drinks, such as water and Juices. Print up and pass out boosters. Boosters are sheets of paper that people sign stating their pledge amounts as well as their names. Soliciting funds from local area businesses may be another way to raise funds for PH. Organize a team of individuals who are willing to either make phone calls to different businesses in the area, asking for donations or send a am out into the community personally soliciting funds from area businesses.Since most people enjoy dinner, dancing and conversations, one method I would use would be a Pasta Dinner Fundraiser. Steps into making this a achiever are Choose a Date Check school calendars, holidays, major town events, and other organizations so there is no conflict with other events that could potentially affect the outcome of dinner. Location Seek out a place that will donate space for the event, such as a church or school. Advertise Sell Tickets in advance. Make posters and post them in noticeable are as. The Food Solicit food or paper good donations from area groceries, Italian restaurants (sauce), bread stores, and grocery stores. In soliciting for food, products include drinks, such as coffee, soft drinks, creamers, sugar substitutes as well as sugars. The Ambiance Solicit music hunt for a DC or a band to play for the event. Solicit area businesses for prizes and sell raffle ticket, Brewer (2011). If calculations are correct, EX. Corporation financial side is in good standing. If they continue on ten path teen are on, Ana malignant tenet annual average organization should continue to provide services for those in need.

Football And Difficulty Of Using It For Development Education Essay

Footb whole is our National sportsman. It fuck be found in each countries of society, from watching unrecorded coverage of games to acquiring up to the piece intelligence on the m whatever athleticss channels on Television, to reading studies, analysis and narratives in our newspapers. It is a moot point in many bars, concerns and schools up and piling the pronounce every hebdomad. We have incorporated its nomenclature into our linguistic communication and for some, it can civilise to many a insomniac dark.It lends believeing and provides individuality for a quad assortment of people. Due to its obvious influence on society, many athleticss ad miniskirtstrations now see footb wholly non merely as a interest but the precedent tool to prosecute and disclose persons, groups and communities likewise. Many companies now use football as a device to help societal inclusion, equality, authorization, to cut down disgust and better wellness. Meanwhile, the administrations who, dra ma, govern and modulate the athletics, in the descriptor of the football game Association ( FA ) , hostels both paid and recreational, the FA Premier League and educational establishments, be focused on developing people to bestow or train the game in its many competitory scenes.Although the athletics generates a enormous sum of enthusiasm, utilizing football as a increase tool can turn bulge to be a slightly complicated. Many companies and administrations atomic number 18 utilizing football for grounds that could be construed as selfish, and this brings an air of contradiction to what the FA are endeavoring to accomplish. For exemplification in their hunt to happen and develop the following George Best, Trevor Francis, Gary Lineker or Gareth Bale, Professional nine may hold a in reality different docket to state a community group, who are looking at utilizing football as a device to link with marginalised dark-green people . Much is the same with recreational grassroo ts nines whose chief aim is to better public presentation. These nines would no uncertainty battle to happen the common repose with administrations trying to autho train sportsmen/women with disablements. These issues are non uncommon in the football household , and as a consequence, football victimisation has become a widely debated topic.This does nt intend that nil positive has come from the name done by the administrations concerned. However, as football dramas such an of import portion in our civilization, it is of import to understand the policy-making relations and concern involvements of those concerned with the athletics before anyone can come to any existent decisions about the potency it has to offer as an effectual ordinary for the development of athleticss or societal intercession.Over the last 20 old ages at that place has been an inflow of books, paperss and studies that reflect the more serious side of football and its impact on society. This dates back to the 1980s when football had taken a downward spiral and arguments on the best manner to run the athletics was really taken up by the authorities who were sing direct ordinance of the game. This action was brought approximately due to the catastrophes of Heysel, Bradford and Hillsborough every bit good as the rise in vandalism. Their reaction was to endanger the evidently uninterested football governments with an array of drastic steps that if applied could hold had damaging effects on the athletics from grassroots to the professional phase. However, the publication in 1989 of the Heysel and Taylor Reports seemed to quiet issues down slightly, and open up chances for province and corporate investing. This precept the gradual rise of professionalism and commerce at bottom the administrations responsible for football.From the early 1990s, Football gained more on a repute for professionalism as bowl up and down the state were refurbished or freshly built, which hastened the gentrificatio n of the athletics. just about this clip, involvement began to look indoors academic circles as Rogan Taylor, the inspiration behind the Football Supporters Association, founded a research under victorious at the University of Liverpool. This was followed by others indoors counseling that brought approximately and applied new thoughts, techniques and different positions on surveies and probes based on the athletics.Then in 1996, England was hosts to European Championships. This set the phase to demo how the athleticss popularity had increased, which confirmed to the so in power Labour Party that football had become deserving of authorities attending. However, despite the obvious spin and election tactics of MPs performing football with top names in football and the similar, politicians did hold concerns on the general province and way of the game.There were to five chief facets of concernThe showtime was based on the manner the Football Association conducted its direction and ordinance of the game as a whole. There was a figure of people/groups that saw the FA as the prima figure responsible for the use of the athletics refering its commercial involvements the downgrading of such competitions as the FA Cup fishy fiscal direction that saw the FA devastate money and the inconsistent public presentation of our national squad. The one concern was to how the 92-member FA Council represented the many avenues of involvement in the game, if at allSecond, issues were raised on nine ownership and the manner that they were be run. The debut of the FA Premier League brought about a displacement in club ownership. This saw many protagonists marginalised as a consequence. A perfect illustration of this was the death of Wimbledon FC, a squad I had supported since the 80 s, nevertheless in that location is an of all time act numerate of nines being consumed and destroyed by those with their ain docket and vested concern involvements.The 3rd issue related to the e xtent of corruptness and inside trades at heart the game. With the extension in agents in the athletics came what was known as the spile civilization, whereby big sums of hard currency was passed to procure transportation trades over other nines. It had been uncovered that wagering frauds were taking topographic point within the game. These were all causes for concern.Forth on the list looked at how all communities were being represented in regard of their engagement, spectatorship and disposal. Top of the list was the inclusion of effeminates within the game, nevertheless, this shortly included people with disablements and cultural minorities.Finally, there was a belief that clubs both professional and amateur could and should affect themselves with programmes in their communities. This concerns the development and assertion of immature football players between the age of 5 and 15 every bit good as inventing a community development computer program where football would be used as a societal intercession.Over the last 14 old ages policy and academic work on all these facets has shown important addition. A major drift for this came from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport when they commissioned the Football Task Force who were responsible for fresh disapprobation of the FA, in the signifier of documents, texts and books, which called for a greater betterment in their administration of the athletics. However, defeat grew due to the obstinate stance taken by the FA in regard of this affair which in bend saw farther force per unit area applied by a twine of Curates of Sport. In 2004 the FA Council authorised Lord Burns to sustain on a reappraisal on the athletics, which after the concluding study saw the FA commit to new administration processs, welcome democratic representation and crowd football engagement, whatever form it takes to all.However, this was no easy undertaking as despite the enormous popularity the athletics commands, it does non hol d a great standing in its history in relation to societal inclusion. The athletics has ever had a club based nature about it, particularly when it comes to the male, white, aged, in-between category predomination of the regulating organic structure, that has restricted entree to football for many communities/groups and peoples over the past 100+ old ages. Discrimination in its many signifiers has been rampant within the athletics and this is argued that despite the promotions consecrate within the athletics over the last 20 old ages or so, the stigma of these historic attitudes has left its gradeever-changing attitudes within the FA have led to several enterprises and runs being launched which are aimed at puting new criterions within the game as a whole. The Kick It Out run, ( ab initio established in 1993 and re-launched in 2009 ) focuses on equality and inclusion within the game. It was ab initio designed as a usher for professional nines for developing and accomplishing crit erions and policies within their administration, but has since cascaded down to the recreational game every bit good as community based undertakings and educational institutes to dispute favoritism, promote inclusive patterns and work for positive alteration. Premier League Chief Executive, Richard Scudamore welcomed the debut of the Equality Standard saying that Baseball clubs can hold an highly positive influence on their fans every bit good as in the communities around them so it s of import that they show how they embrace diverseness and are unfastened and convenient to everyone. Although there has been a positive swing in the inclusion of cultural groups in regard of their entree to football and patterned advance within it, there still remains a major on traveling undertaking for the FA to guarantee that they break down all the barriers, and non merely in regard of drag role players to the game. The door needs to be opened to pulling possible arbiters, decision makers, mana gers, voluntaries and witnesss to the game.Another country of ripening within the athletics has been within the invalid communities. anterior to 1999 there was really limited support by the FA refering the development of disablement football, as they found it about impossible to make an inclusive scheme for handicapped football. However, in 1999 the first national disablement football programme Ability figurings was launched.This was seen by many as the first stairss in placing and developing gifted participants through experient coaching and led the manner to increasing engagement in the disablement game. In response to several Government policy paperss in 2001 the FA produced a strategic model for football development in England. One of the rudimentary points within this papers was entitled Opportunities for all which charged the FA with the duty to guarantee everybody had the chance to play, manager, manage, referee and be witnesss irrespective of their race, civilization , faith, gender, ability, sexual orientation, ethnicity or societal position. In add-on to this the FA besides introduced its first Disability Football Strategy ( 2004-2006 ) and this gave manner to incorporating disablement football into the mainstream .Disability football now has a overplus of conferences, non merely across the state but nationally every bit good. About all of the 92 football conference nines every bit good as non conference nines have some signifier of disablement development. Disability football representation at International degrees is fast developing, with squads now viing in European and World Championships. The England National Squad boasts 7 different damage squads covering Amputee, Blind, Cerebral Palsy, Deaf, Learning Disability, partially Sighted and Women s Deaf squad. Many chances have opened up for those interested in work with handicapped football players either at club degree or in the community. The FA s class on Coaching Disabled Football play ers is designed to give already qualified football managers and teacher s alike a scope of thoughts and patterns to enable the inclusion of handicapped participants in football Sessionss within mainstream or damage specific Sessionss.A cardinal component of the FA s scheme of inclusivity has been the debut of mini association football, which is played with smaller squads such as 5, 6 and 7-a-side The exclusive intent of the debut of mini association football back in the 1990s was to enable kids under the age of 11 to bask the game on a smaller gradatory table. This allowed the kid to hold more touches of the ball, developing their creativeness and set the phase for them to develop their accomplishments. However, due to its popularity mini association football spread across the state like wildfire and within 18 months nines countrywide had recruited squads of all ages under the age of 10. As you might anticipate, these lucifers are frequently watched by the parents, defenders, fri ends and relations, which frequently creates an unwelcome pressurised surround for the kid. Concerns on what impact this may hold on the kid s public assistance has been covered within the work of Brackenridge et Al s ( 2007 ) , and what is more the effects of some of the grownup input at these games has been highlighted as a job. This has been addressed by the FA with the debut of their Respect programmeThe biggest success the FA have had to twenty-four hour period of the month in regard of their equality and diverseness run comes with the go oning growing of the Women s and Girls game, which officially boasts more participants viing in attached competition than any other female squad athletics. Numbers have continued to lift since 1993, when the figure of female participants was said to be about 10,000, compared to today where it is over 180,000. This growing was highlighted in Sport England s Active People study of 2008 which stated that 260,000 adult females and 1.1 million m isss play some signifier of football in England. 26 million females where flagged as playing across the universe, of which 4.1 million are playing attached football, bespeaking a 54 per cent growing since the twelvemonth 2000 ( FIFA Big Count 2006 ) .The female engagement in the game does non halt at playing competitory football either, as over 20,000 females have success experty attained FA preparation makings, which includes 150 Degree 3 UEFA B managers, and full-time adult females s Football Development Military officers are now employed across the state. The female game has gained a really respectful audience and is traveling from strength to strength. The success of the female national manager, Hope Powell, is a testimony of the journey make within the adult females s game. Player tracts are now more defined and the gap of many Centres of Excellence within local nines allows for greater participant engagement and patterned advance. The figure of gifted participants that emer ge from these Centres to travel into the national side is grounds of their success. 2011 allow see the launch of the FA Women s Super League, a semi-professional conference for Women s Association Football Clubs that will be seen as the highest degree of adult females s football in England. This without a uncertainty will raise the profile of the female game even more within local communities.The promotions make through the publicity of the game over the old ages has opened manner to a battalion of classs that persons can now take to acquire formal makings that enable greater participant in the universe of football. Gone are the yearss where paid engagement in the game meant being entirely involved with the professional side of football. Through the FA entirely you can inscribe on a assortment of classs depending on your country of involvement. These classs are designed to run into the demands of persons depending on their old cognition, experience or involvement in football. There are varied degrees of expertness that can be achieved through the classs that cater for Coaches, Referees, Sports Scientists and Medics, Psychologists, those involved with Child Protection and Safeguarding and FA Coachs who are involved with training the managers.The FA has besides given its support to the immense springs and bounds made within the athletics through the work Universities, Colleges and Schools. All three dressed ore on developing the game at the grassroots degree, from the observations of Football Development Officers, made up from a work force of alumnuss whose intent is to back up all countries of male and female football development throughout the county, to the many classs put on by schools and colleges that range from NVQ Levels 1, 2 and 3 in Coaching Teaching & A Instructing Association Football to BTEC Awards in Sport. These classs can be farther pursued to Level 4+ through University. However, due to the FA s changeless ordinance of the athletics to guaran tee that all participants are being educated in the right mode, it has become indispensable that all educational Centres whatever their pretense, adhere to the professional values set out by the administration. The NVQ classs for illustration have a really rigorous appraisal process to guarantee that all countries of didactics are being met. As the scholar begins their journey on the class they are assessed continually by theory and practical activities designed to prove how far they have travelled. These appraisals are chiefly conducted by the topic instructor nevertheless, over the class twelvemonth internal vouchers from the institute and external vouchers from the presenting organic structure every bit good as the FA execute their ain appraisals. On top of this there are reviews from OFSTED who will describe on the quality of the class.All those involved with instruction within the instruction and preparation sectors have to play a critical function to guarantee that professi onal development demands are continually met. This begins from the design and bringing of the classs, whether its Football Coaching or Child Protection, working with the feedback gathered from such appraisals, observations and reviews is indispensable to the academic and accomplishments development docket.Having worked as a football manager before come ining learning I can to the full appreciate the demand for professionalism within the acquisition sector, holding upheld the criterions set out by the FA for many old ages. Both managers and instructors likewise need to demo a high degree of committedness to back uping pupil acquisition, and within that committedness the values and attitudes that underpin the work of instructors should ever be incorporated. Each instructor should by taking to accomplish this by holding high outlooks of all pupils, helping and back uping accomplishments and raising the saloon for them to force even higher handling all pupils with the same regard no af fair what their cultural, faith or cultural background and ever advancing positive values, attitudes and behavior. It is besides indispensable that all instructors and managers take duty for their ain continued professional development, every bit good as bettering their ain instruction through self-motivation and contemplation of their ain pattern. I in person use a wise man who has aided my acquisition and development vastly. Through the usage of my wise man I have been able to make and accomplish finishs that have been laid out for me. This has been possible due to the partnership I have built with my wise man over the old ages. Bing a trusted co-worker, working along side them has helped me to critically measure my ain instruction in regard of analyzing my strengths and failings, which in bend has developed my instruction accomplishments and professional qualities within the function. Taking a professional stance when meeting duties, being antiphonal to advice, and taking a posi tive attack to the function are all indispensable for this partnership to work.Between the two of us we have brought many different accomplishments, thoughts and solutions to the class we both teach, which has helped develop the current construction of the class. This has besides been made accomplishable through the work we both do with the County FA. As antecedently mentioned, the FA behavior appraisals and ratings of their ain, throughout the continuance of the class. These look at content, quality, training methods, ratings and appraisals. Regular meetings are held with FA Tutors and Coach Educators to dis run away and guarantee that all classs being put on meet the criterions set out by the FA and fall into line with the outlooks of current course of study and pupil development. Kolb s Experiential Learning Cycle ( 1984 ) is an of all time on traveling procedure for both the FA awarding organic structures, instructors, managers and pupils likewise, leting for development demands of pedagogue and pupil to be met at all times.To better my ain development I have embarked on fostering my cognition of training on two foreparts. First, I have undertaken my 3rd training making, the FA Level 3/UEFA B Licence, which in coaching footings is the start of the serious terminal of the concern. This will give me more insight into the game and will decidedly heighten the learning experience of the pupils. Second, The FA has late introduced a new twine of training makings designed at training kids. The FA Youth Award has been designed to provide strictly for the demands of pupils from the ages of 5-15. The initial faculties of the class looks at how to make the right environment for the kid to larn and how to develop pattern Sessionss which can be tailored harmonizing to the age, ability and experience of different immature participants. This will be my following venture when I have successfully passed my the FA Level 3/UEFA B Licence as I believe this cognition would be p riceless plus to my go oning turning arsenal of learning cognition and resources.The journey football has made over the last 20 old ages has been slightly of a rough one, However, the message the FA are directing out is that football is for everyone and this grounds can now be seen within towns and communities and even farther afield in many states across the universe. The continued advancement made by the FA by presenting new and improved classs, every bit good as supplying an on-line resource called FA Learning, is promoting to state the least. Football has become an instruction in itself whereby those involved addition cognition and development through the proficient, physical, psychological and societal facets of the game. Whether there is a turning hereafter within educational institutes for the instruction of managers remains to be seen, in visible radiation of the recent fiscal cuts implemented by the authorities that has affected many athleticss classs state broad within sc hools and colleges. However, the FA will go on to endeavor to bring forth quality classs, managers and pedagogues in its mission to convey football to all.Mention

Automotive Service Essay

The career that I have literally chosen is the political machinemotive service technician and artisans career. The reason why I chose this career its because Well actually I have plenty and m either reasons to choose from because I am very passionate roughly this career and I have lived through it my entire life. One reason is that Auto Mechanics is because to me its an interest field to me. I decided to explore the topic a little more to get a better understanding of what it would take to become a successful political machinemotive technician .I have lived through the auto artists field pretty lots all through my life. Well actually since I have been born. The reason of this is very simple. That is because my very own dad is an auto mechanic himself. Well actually to be more exact, he owns his own auto mechanic shop. Since I was little I have always helped him at his work because I have always enjoyed working with vehicles. Since the very first solar day that I started worki ng with him I already knew that the automotive field was the caper for me. Since I was a baby my very own parents use to tell me that I would disappear out of their sight.And when they used to find me I used to be playing with the tools besides my dad helping him out. I have pretty much made my mind up about actually going further in this career. Not only because I actually enjoy doing that job scarce also because of the pay check that you receive. Well actually that is a bonus in it. It does matter to me the money that you earn in it entirely non as much as I like doing the activity of interacting and working with automobiles. I have faith in me that one day I am not only going to fix cars, but I am also going to own my own shop myself.According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an auto mechanic is a technician that inspects, maintains and repair automobiles and light trucks that run on gasoline, electricity or other types of kinds of fuels, like for deterrent example ethanol . Auto mechanics play a very important role in maintaining and keeping vehicles up and running not only correctly and normal but also efficiently. The field of auto mechanics reveals a pretty long history. Specialized informing education and a strong career objectives for anyone that would like to choose this field as a career.There are certain types requirements or abilities that you supposed or have to get or have in order to become an auto mechanic technician. A student can get the staples of automobile repair by taking a vocational class in laid-back their high school snip. The course is not really considered knowledge but it gives you a basic information and knowledge of what an actual auto mechanic does. To be considered and cognize as a qualified auto mechanic technician you will have to complete and finish training at a post secondary school or a conjunction college.Many post secondary schools for graduates have six months to one year of strong , helpful needed intense training. The community college most of the time offers an associate degree for this field and it most of the time takes about two years to complete the coursework and other things necessary. With this kind of type of training you are getting the most up to date training that you will indeed need when you are using with computer systems to detect problems with cars, like for example electrical problems that you can not fix your self without the help of an electronic computer.Another form of training involves you with working as an apprentice to a surmount technician. This type of fields is pretty much like a helper to the main technician in other words.. When all the formal training is completed and done, the mechanic is considered as a certified They will receive a very own ASE certification. This stands for Automobile Service Excellence certification. The Bureau of Labor statistics suggests and shows that individuals who live in large cities should get certified that says ASE to help them with their search for jobs. This will provide them with a better chance of actually acquiring the job.An auto mechanics basic job function is performed in some type of repair shop. Many mechanics work pretty much around forty hours per week. That is the estimate time of duty hours. In addition to their working time, they also make pretty good money. The median wage salary earnings of automobile technicians and mechanics, including commission, were about $16. 24 in may 2006. And the middle 50 part is between $11. 96 and $21. 56 per hour. And ending but not least the lowest ten percent earned less than $9. 17 and the highest ten percent earn $27. 22 per hour. The person that I interview for this project was my very own dad.His full parent is Herminio garcia. His profession is an automotive technician. His military post of employment is the boss and owner of an auto mechanic shop. He has been working in this career for about fifteen years. When I asked Mr. Leal how much money I expected to make at the start of my career he told me between ten dollars to 20 dollars an hour. He verbalise it was not a lot but that he enjoyed working with cars and also liked putting smiles on peoples faces. He also told me that the working conditions in that particular proposition field was kind of hard because is a lot of physical work.This lead me to ask him if there were plenty of jobs available in this field and he state that there were because cars will keep needing maintenance for e long time to come. When I ask him about the benefits of this career I did not get that animated because he told me u really did not get any unless u had car allowance and maybe some medical care. So then we started lecture about traveling but he said that traveling had nothing to do with this field. That you stay in one particular spot or place like a shop or garage to fix cars.Another questions that I asked him was about the hours and how they were like. He told me that the averag e hours he worked a week was about 40 and thats not a lot . So then we started talking about family and if there was anytime for them and he told me that I would not have a problem with that, that I would have plenty of time with my family to spent and that put a smile on my face. However, then I asked him if there were any dangers associated with this job and he told me that yes, that there were plenty of risk associated with this job because of the chemicals that you had to deal with and the tools etc.Now that did not leave me very happy. When I ask him about any additional skills and course work associated with this job he told me that yes you will need the most skills, course work and experience you can get to work in this field. He told me that it was really not difficult to get a job in this area because cars always needed maintenance. When I finally made my last question and ask him what advice would he give to some one like me to better prepare me for the challenges of this career, he gave me a very short answer but with a lot of meaning Stay in school.

How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900?

To do this part of the assignment I visited White standn moderate to screen and come on evince to answer this interrogative sentence. On this visit we went to m all different places roughly the contain that we thought would w are a connection to the ember mete egress and the harbour.First, we visited the lime tongue, the bear on certifys us that they merchandise lime for the iron industry and un preposterous it on this pier. There is to a fault an otherwise(a) pier called the Sugar tongue, the name tells me that they im interfaceed sugar and unloaded it onto this pier. From this we can tell that goods were also im fashioned into the larboard of White eatn. I know that from my background knowledge of scorch that it would non constitute been possible to unload the char onto either of these piers because they are too thin to unload heavy, bulky scorch.To sup larboard the prove further of having other exports and imports, we found drawings and inscriptions on benche s down the lime tongue. These drawings included sear that we know was exported, tobacco that was imported from Virginia, timber which was imported from North America for the blacken industry to be use as oppose props and fish were exported. We also found the old Custom House, figure right, which tells us that goods did come in to the port of Whitehaven and large number had to reach custom duties on them. From all this evidence I can deduce that not further was coal exported from Whitehaven Harbour alone other goods were also exported and imported into the port.By give earing down at the harbour I could see that it was a very suitable place to have an inlet. The harbour has a liberal headland to protect it from prevailing winds and the size of the harbour would be very good for small boats. Another reason that it was a good place for an inlet is because it would have been a way of bringing business and cash to the town of Whitehaven so they would get something back in ret urn for building the harbour.From looking at the harbour I could see that it was quite small, not very wide, not very deep and wouldnt be suitable for astronomicalger boats. This would be a puzzle for Whitehaven harbour, as by the 1870s steam ships were replacing the sailing ships. These steam ships were longer, wider, deeper and could carry more than the sailing ships which would retrieve that they wouldnt be able to get into the harbour so they wouldnt be able to load up the coal.By looking crosswise the sea and from my background knowledge I imagine that most of the coal from Whitehaven went across the sea to Ireland. This could be especially to Dublin since this was Britains second largest city in the eighteenth century. It could have also been taken to the Isle of Man since this is also only across the sea.Whitehaven harbour has only had the toss away gates for ab break ten years, so before this boats could only come in and forbidden of the harbour at high tide. As you can see from the picture, on the left, which I found in an old newspaper, the harbour would have been mud at low tide, so the boats would have been unable to move. From this I can tell that the Harbour moldiness have stopped developing for the lock gates not to have been installed earlier, because the lock gates have been a boastfully improvement to the harbour meaning boats can leave and enter the harbour when they wish.Whitehavens hinterland ext demolitioned to surrounding places uniform Egremont and most of West Cumbria because the roads were so bad this made more people want to canalise the coal by boat. Before we went on the excursion to Whitehaven we watched a video called bed sheet to Steam which showed the port of Liverpool and showed how its hinterland grew especially after the coming of the railways. Having watched this video I think one reason why Whitehavens hinterland stopped growing was because Liverpool was taking trade away from Whitehaven. This was because it was a more accessible port for the bigger ships and also because Liverpool had lock gates, which meant ships, could go in and out of the harbour when they needed to.By looking at the map of the building of the harbour I can see that most of the harbour developed between 1693 and 1833 which is righteous nigh the period we are looking at. I think coal could have played a big part in the instruction of the harbour because this was well-nigh the time when coal minelaying was becoming popular in Whitehaven. They also needed a way to transport the coal from Whitehaven to places where they needed it, so they kept developing the harbour as the coal industry was developing and growing. The extra piers were built for the loading of coal when extra space was needed around the harbour for the various ships to land and wait to be loaded. This must have seemed an extremely good idea because and so they could transport the coal to Ireland, which had little or no coal and was only over the ch annel.When we were walking around the harbour we found an old canon, which must have once been used to defend the port, this is pictured on the right. This tells me that Whitehavens coal trade must have been very valuable for it to have been protected.e found some models linked to the story of hindquarters capital of Minnesota Jones, which arent sincerely relevant to this assignment because they have nothing to do with the coal We also had an utter of John Paul Jones diary to look at, in this extract it utter active all the ships in the harbour (over one hundred) at low tide were unable to move because of the mud. This shows that in 1778 the harbour was very busy but on that point was a problem with low tides making boats unable to move.We also went to look for any evidence of warehouses and railway lines around the harbour but couldnt stimulate any. We know they were once there because we have seen an old photograph of them. This suggests that Whitehavens port has declined i n industry because otherwise the warehouses would still be there but I wouldnt have expected any evidence of the railway lines. This is because the railways would not have been needed anymore once the coal mining had stopped. This then suggests to me that as the coal mining industry declined so did the amount of industry personnel casualty in and out of the port. This tells me that coal mining had a big effect on Whitehavens port and was also very important to it.From the graph I drew on the chuck out and fall of Whitehaven port I can see that the peak of the coal exported was in 1835, when the amount of coal exported was 459 thousand tons. After this date the amount of coal exported began to fall. This tells me that either the coal was macrocosm transported by another means of transport, such(prenominal) as the railways, or not as much coal was being mined in Whitehaven. Either way this tells me that the coal exports out of the port of Whitehaven was decreasing.On the visit we l ooked for evidence of drift mines (or adits), which are mines cut into the side of a hill held up by pit props, but we couldnt see any. This go away have been because drift mines werent very deep because of faulting, the risk of flooding and the danger of a roof fall so many of the drift mines will have collapsed and will have been flattened over. in addition quite a a few(prenominal) of the drift mines were on Mount Pleasant which is where later they built the houses for the coal miners to live.I also looked for evidence of straithes but couldnt find any. Straithes were used to load coal from trucks onto boats quickly, they were particularly important to the port of Whitehaven, which was tidal, because they needed to load the boats quickly to get them in and out on the same tide. The straithes will have been removed because they will have been no longer needed because there is no coal trade in Whitehaven now.We also went to look at Mount Pleasant, which is where all the miners l ived but now there are no houses there. This would be because they would be no longer needed, because as the coal trade decreased fewer people would be employed so they didnt need the housing facilities. Mount Pleasant used to have cc terraced houses, which were homes to 1825 people. Mount Pleasant was not far away from any of the mines so this would have made it very convenient for the workers to get to work.On the visit we went to look at the Duke pit fan house. We know this is connected to coal mining because Duke pit means there is coal. The job of the fan house was very important, it was to pass the air down the mine. By looking at this picture of the fan house I have calculated that the actual size of the fan drift would have been about 20-25ft wide. This tells me that it was a big pit, which would have had lots of coal to mine and would have had lots of employees.As we were walking along I discover evidence of an old railway incline, as you can see from the pictures the ra ilway line would have ran from Haig pit down to the harbour for the coal to be loaded onto ships. This would have made it very easy to transport the coal. Although Haig pit operated after the period that I am investigating, it leads me to believe that other pits will have had railways or wagon ways down to the harbour. This will be because the harbour is not very far away from any of the mines and it would cost too much to transport the heavy coal on land especially since the roads were so bad.As we walked towards the Wellington pit entrance I found lots of cover over air vents. These air vents will have been used to get fresh air into the mines, which is a very important thing to have in a mine.We visited the entrance to Wellington pit, where I noticed a plaque on the wall telling me that the pit operated between 1840-1933. These dates during the pit was working are significant because it worked for nearly one hundred years. This is a very long time for a mine to work, so this tell s me that the mine must have been big, and must have lots of coal to mine. Also to back up this evidence is the diagram Underneath Wellington Pit, this shows that the pit was very deep and had lots of coal seams, which were quite wide. Wellington pit is very close to the harbour (about 100 yards) this tells me that this would have been the most convenient and cost effective way of transporting the coal to wheresoever it had to go. Wellington pit is also very close to Duke pit, which suggests that they could have been linked.I also went to look at the candlestick chimney, which is called this because it looks like a candlestick. If you look at the picture you can see that the chimney is very tall, this suggests to me that it is not only an air vent but also it was an exit for poisonous gases. This is so that the gases went high than Mount Pleasant, which is where all the miners lived so that the miners did not get poisoned.I also found evidence that there were mining disasters on a plaque on the wall near Wellington pit. It told me that in 1910, 136 people died in the Wellington Pit disaster. This tells me that coal mining was very dangerous. Also, other evidence that shows us mining was dangerous is the building called the mission which used to be the hospital. This suggests that there must have been a number of accidents for a hospital to have been this close to the mines.If I had time then it would have been interesting to look for some of the remains of other pits that have something significant about them. The King Pit is interesting because in 1793 it was the deepest coal mine, as it was about 960ft deep. The Haig pit would have been interesting because it was the last pit to have been operating in the area and it went 7 miles under the sea. The Saltom pit would have been interesting because it was the first mine to mine coal under the sea.From all of this evidence I have come to a number of conclusions. I have concluded that coal was the main export and was exported in large quantities. There were also different imports at different times between 1700 and 1900. The evidence that proves this is the old customhouse where the imports had to pay custom duties on the goods imported also the lime and sugar tongues, tell us that sugar and lime, were imported. The graph on the rise and fall of Whitehaven shows that a lot of coal was exported.I have come to the conclusion that Whitehaven was perfect for the transportation of coal up until the late 1800s.The size and systema skeletale of the harbour and headland was just right for the small sailing boats, the headland protected these boats from prevailing winds. In the 1870s steam ships became popular, this would cause problems for Whitehaven as the harbour would have been too small for these big steam ships. The harbour was also perfect for transporting coal because it was close to all the mines in Whitehaven so this would mean that the coal would not have to travel far to be loaded onto the ships.I have also come to the conclusion that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than it was in 1900. To support this is the graph the rise and fall of Whitehaven that shows us that the amount of coal that was exported. The amount of coal exported began to decline about the time of the railways and steam ships becoming popular, which could mean that the harbour wasnt being used as much for the export of coal and also because of the railways and steam ships Whitehavens hinterland began to decrease.My final conclusion is that coal helped the harbour grow. around of the evidence points to this, such as the building of the harbour at the time when coal mining was becoming popular. Also, when they stopped mining as much coal and they found other ways of transporting it, the harbour stopped growing and went into decline, this is why the lock gates were only just recently added to the harbour. From this I can tell that the industrial revolution must have also playe d a very important part in the development of Whitehaven Harbour. This is because if the industrial revolution hadnt happened then there would have not been a big demand for coal. So therefore the coal industry in Whitehaven might have never got as big and they might not have opened as many mines, which would mean that there would have been little point in developing the harbour for such a small amount of coal. This answers the objective of the whole assignment that the coal trade appears to have been very important in the development of the port of Whitehaven between 1700 and 1900How utile were the site and other line of descents in helping you to the answer the question which is part 1?In part one of my assignment I considered what I could learn by visiting the harbour itself about why the port of Whitehaven had changed and developed up to the 20th century. The conclusion that I reached at the end of part 1 was briefly this The coal trade had a very important part in the develop ment of the harbour but there were other imports as well. Coal was not the only reason that the harbour stopped developing because things like the steam ships, which werent accessible into the port of Whitehaven and the railways, stopped it developing. Also because of Whitehaven had no lock gates, which put it at a disadvantage. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and in 1800 than in 1900.I am now going to take away some other sources to do with the port of Whitehaven and judge each one according to how useful it is in explaining the development of the harbour compared with the evidence of the harbour itself. The sources I have chosen to consider are1) The lighthouse pith2) John Paul Jones feature film3) John Paul Jones diary4) Census Results5) Sail to Steam videoThe first source I will be considering is the beacon centre, which is a museum about the history of Whitehaven. The Beacon centre is relevant to the question because it does give information abo ut the coal mining. The Beacon centre also contains information about the John Paul Jones raid, the slave trade, railways, ships, the Lowther family and much more. The Beacon centre is typical because it tells us about the history of Whitehaven and surrounding areas. It was opened in 1996 to inform people about the history of West Cumbria. I think that the Beacon centre was put there for tourism rather than for historians to find evidence. My evidence for this is because the Beacon centre has a rather big section on John Paul Jones compared to a relatively small section on coal mining. Even though the raid of John Paul Jones only lasted a few hours in the history of Whitehaven and the coal mining industry lasted over 200 years.So this tells me that the Beacon centre is trying to attract American tourists by having a large section on John Paul Jones, since this is why most American tourists come to Whitehaven to see where John Paul Jones raided. Other evidence of it being there for t ourism is because when we went it was a free week so this means that it is trying to attract locals to visit it and see how good it is. This is so that when the summer appease starts and tourists ask locals where to go to look around Whitehaven they will tell them to go to the Beacon Centre. This would mean that the Beacon centre would make more money. I think that this source is reliable because they wouldnt tell people about subjects that werent true. Compared to the harbour, the beacon centre is not very useful in explaining the development of the harbour because it doesnt contain seemly evidence since it is just there for tourism so it puts information in to it that people will be interested in and want to find out about.Now I will be judging an extract from the John Paul Jones feature film. This source is relevant because it does mention Whitehaven harbour. We saw an attack on Whitehaven harbour the men in the attack burnt shipping to frighten British merchants so that they g ot British soldiers to guard the port. This was so that they got some of the troops away from America, so they had more chance of winning the war. This film was produced to make money because John Paul Jones would be popular with Americans so that would encourage more people to go and watch it therefore making more money. It was made in Hollywood and not even the raid on Whitehaven was actually take in Whitehaven.This tells me that the film was produced to make money because if it were for any other use than they would have spent the time and money to reconstruct the event in Whitehaven for the film. This source is reliable in one way in that the raid in Whitehaven did happen by John Paul Jones but we dont know the actual dustup that he said so the words on the film are unreliable. The film extract isnt typical because it isnt every night that Whitehaven would have had a big raid. Compared to the harbour, I dont think that this source was very useful because it was produced to ma ke money rather than to inform us. The film extract didnt contain enough information about the development of the harbour like the size and shape of it and it didnt mention the coal trade.I am now going to judge an extract from John Paul Jones diary. It says that over one hundred ships were in the port on that night. The diary extract is relevant because it tells us what a typical night in Whitehaven look was like. We know that it was typical because Whitehaven was not expecting a raid so it was just a normal night until it happened. John Paul Jones produced this diary and it was produced for his own purposes to bring out down about the days events. And because it was a diary we can say that it is reliable because you wouldnt expect anyone to read your diary, so it was just written for his own purposes although he could have been bias towards his own country. I dont think that the diary extract was as useful at answering the question from part one than the harbour was. This is bec ause although the extract gave us valuable information about the harbour at the time it didnt tell us about the coal trade or about the development of the harbour. All it tells us is that the harbour was busy and that it was low tide because the harbour was just mud.We watched a video called Sail to Steam, which I am now going to judge. This video was a documentary and although it didnt even mention Whitehaven it gave us information about the development and growth of Liverpool port which we can relate to the port of Whitehaven so it is relevant. It told us that the coming of the railways increased Liverpools hinterland and that the lock gates improved the port because they no longer had to wait for the high tides to come in and out of the port. It also told us about the change from sailboats to steam ships that could carry more and were bigger. From this I could tell that Whitehaven was at a disadvantage because it didnt have lock gates, the port would have been to small for the bi g steam ships and the coming of the railways decreased Whitehaven harbours growth and hinterland.This documentary was produced to inform people about the changes from sail to steam especially in the port of Liverpool. From this I can tell that the information given is accurate and reliable because they wouldnt produce a documentary with inaccurate information. This source is typical because it shows how the port of Liverpool grew over the years. I think that although this source was useful in telling us why Whitehaven port might have stopped growing that it is not as useful as the harbour itself. This is because it doesnt contain information about Whitehaven port and its development and it doesnt tell us about Whitehavens coal trade.I am now going to analyse the census results. The census results are relevant to the question in part one because they show us how many people lived on Mount Pleasant and it shows the different jobs they had. This then gives us an idea of how many people work down the mines and this then tells us how important the coal mining industry was to the people of Whitehaven. The census was produced in 1851 for the government, to inform them of how many people there were in the country. A census is an official count of the state so this tells me that the census is accurate and reliable because they wouldnt produce a census that was wrong because it would have been a waste of money. Although the census results are useful I dont think that they are as useful as the harbour itself because it doesnt give us enough information about the coal trade and it doesnt tell us anything about the harbour.If we could have had the resources I would have also liked to have had the figures for the amount of coal mined in the area between 1700 and 1900. This would have been useful because I could have compared it to the amount of coal exported from the port and then I could have seen just how much the harbour became more useful for the exportation and coal. Also I would have been able to look for a decline in the amount of coal exported compared to the amount mined when the railways became popular, to see if railways did take some of Whitehavens hinterland away from it. I would also have liked to have had a diary extract from a person who worked down the mines. This would have been useful to find out the day to day workings of the mines.In part 1 I found that coal was very important to the port of Whitehaven but other things were imported as well but as steam ships became popular the harbour was at a disadvantage because the harbour was too small for these big steam ships. Also Whitehaven didnt have lock gates so this put it at a disadvantage because it meant the boats had to wait until high tide to come in and out of the harbour. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than in 1900.I have concluded for this part of the assignment that the beacon centre is only there to attract tourists and to make money. I have also concluded that the John Paul Jones video is also just a way of making money and not about informing historians about the raid on Whitehaven harbour. My conclusion of John Paul Jones diary extract is that although it was useful in telling me about a typical night in the harbour it does not contain enough information about the harbour or about the coal trade. I have also concluded that the sail to steam video was useful in telling me about the development from sail boats to steam ships but it did not contain any information about Whitehaven. I have come to the conclusion that although the census results tell us a lot of information about the amount of people living on Mount Pleasant and the amount of people working down the mine it doesnt give us sufficient evidence to answer the question that is part 1.My conclusion that the visit to Whitehaven harbour was much more useful to me in answering the question that is part 1 than any of the other sources. Whitehaven harbour co ntained lots of unwitting evidence about the harbour and how it developed between 1700 and 1900. It also gave me a lot of information about the coal trade and how it relied on the harbour to be exported. This source contained information about both the harbour and the coal trade so this makes it very useful and also reliable because we can see the evidence. This source is also typical because it contains the remains of things (like the mines) that were actually there between 1700 and 1900