A Case Of Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 757 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? The newspaper columnist In this dilemma we will be looking at wrong versus right and should be versus what is. When you sign a contract with another person or entity it is a formal agreement that has legal bindings. When the columnist signed the contract with the newspaper chain they were giving their word that they would work for a certain amount of time for a certain amount of money. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Case Of Ethical Dilemma" essay for you Create order Just because you change your mind does not remove your word. By breaking the contract they went back on their word which is wrong to do. They strength of your word is your ability to follow through with it, and by not following through it hurts your credibility. What the columnist should have done was to go to the newspaper chain and explain that they would like to be relieved of their word/contract so that they could pursue other interests. If the newspaper chain agreed to let them out of the contract then the columnist would be free to leave without having commit any unethical actions. Beings the columnist was not released willingly, to act ethically they should have fulfilled their commitment before moving on to another opportunity. Beings a judge is having to decide the legality of the columnist breaking the contract we can know that the newspaper chain did not release them willingly and an unethical action was committed. While these actions do not follow under the classification of good or evil; they can be appropriately classified as wrong. I believe that both Augustine and Aquinas would have come to the same conclusion that I came to. Augustine believed that we are responsible for our own actions and that we should strive to live a virtuous life, which would include being true to your word. He also believed that living a life of reason led to ones well-being, and following through on a commitment made is a reasonable expectation. Aquinas thought that using reason and living morally led to a better life (happiness). He believed that the Natural Law can be realized by using reason and your conscience which will lead you to do what is right. All of these practices and ideas would lead you to fulfill the contract if those you entered into it with were unwilling to release you from it. The office worker In the case of the office worker, their actions are unethical for many reasons. Using your vacation days and sick leave days is a perfectly ethical act; even using days beyond these with permission in and of itself isnt unethical. The actions become unethical when there is a noticeable negative effect on those affected by your actions. Once the office worker realized that he was creating hostility with those around him, and his supervisor he should have made adjustments that would have mitigated the issues caused by his desired time off. His actions created a heavier workload on his fellow workers and caused a lack of efficiency for the company that pays him to help them by facilitating his function. Some actions that he could have been performed to help prevent this action from being unethical would be; work late to get ahead so that in his absence other workers wouldnt have to work harder to make up for his absence, check to see if there was a way to work remotely such as teleworking or a collaborative suite such as SharePoint site setup that would allow him to still facilitate his function while away. While I think his actions are unethical I believe that some of the fault lies on the supervisor for either not having clearly defined the expectations to him upon being hired, or not counseling him on the possible repercussions of excessive time off and following through on it so that others dont suffer due to his lack of dedication. Augustine and Aquinas both would have agreed with my interpretations. Both of these men had there concepts of right and wrong taken from biblical teachings. Because their principals are founded on Christian teachings; the proverbs about working hard would likely have been a reference used by these two men. Your conscience should alert you when you are doing something that is unfair or harmful to others and because of this the office workers conscience should have made him try to avoid causing unnecessary hardship on his fellow workers. Aquinas would have likely pointed out that he surely was ignoring his heart and conscience otherwise he would not have taken those extra days off.

Essay on Self Reflection and Personality Traits - 1190 Words

Personality is the expression of a person’s traits according to ones feelings, mentality and behavior. It involves understanding individuals’ traits such as withdrawal and willpower and how various parts of an individual link together to form personality. Personality expresses itself from within an individual and is comparatively regular throughout in an individual’s life. Different people have different personalities dependent on factors such as environment and genetic composition. Our personality is dependent on the success or failure of our development in the eight stages of life. This is proposed by Erik Erikson. Success in the development stages lead to virtues while the failure leads to malignancies. Personality traits Some of my†¦show more content†¦For instance, if a patient prefers intravenous injections to tablets, I can opt to prescribe the injection other than the tablets provided they serve the same purpose. In conclusion, some examples of sociability as a personality trait are; being friendly; ready to lend a hand and considerate, to mention but a few of those sited above. This trait was initiated in me during my third stage of development, according to Erik Erikson. Who proposed that from the age of three to six a child becomes more initiative? It is evident that during this age children easily make friends and are very playful. Therefore this development stage, one gets a chance to play with many friends of different up bringing from mine. This enabled me to relate with different people and has to date helped me in public relations (Maslow, 2011). The other personality character is strong will. This means that one has a determined spirit to achieve set goals. T his could be described just as extroversion, a theory that was proposed by Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist. According to him, extroversive people are self-confident; enjoy the company of other people and are always enthusiastic. They also easily achieve. According to Carl Rogers another psychologist, he proposed that every person has an actualizing tendency that enables them to develop their abilities. Therefore, an extrovert individual has the inner drive to develop his or her potentials. According to the description above, a person can workShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Personality Traits Of A Leader1023 Words   |  5 Pagesarticles primarily studies is about leadership and how personality traits of a leader can reflect and affect his or her role. The first article was conducted by Liliendfel, Waldman, Landfield, Watts, Rubenzer, and Faschingbauer in 2012 titled, â€Å"Fearless Dominance and the U.S. Presidency: Implications of Psychopathic Personality Traits for Successful and Un successful Political Leadership† whose purpose is to evaluate and measure the personality of the 42 U.S. presidents. The second article titled asRead MoreI, By The Audience Experienced The Journey Of Chris Ladd882 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced the journey of Chris Ladd as he worked to determine his true identity. His journey reflected the change in ideas and measurement of personality over time. He ultimately concluded that there isn’t a way to label one’s own identity, but rather all measurements are simply descriptors. To arrive at this conclusion he partook in the three major methods of personality study: Subjective, Objective and BLIS-Data Inventories. Through these tests, it was present that though major themes were continued throughoutRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Leadership1362 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,  103(3), 489 -505. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pdhAN=2012-19403-001site=eds-livescope=site InRead MoreLeadership Theories, Approaches, And Philosophies1172 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership Theory: Trait Approach to Leadership After reading and sitting through class discussion, I have learned a lot of leadership theories, approaches, and philosophies. The one that stuck out most to me was the, Trait Approach, because it is a great place to being your leadership journey, it can be developed or honed, and it has worked well in my life. The Trait Approach is a leader-focused approach. After years of broad studies and many lists of traits shown by leaders there wasRead MorePersonality Reflection1076 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Reflection Katie Smit PSY/250 August 20,2011 Dianne Hinz Personality Reflection Every individual has a different idea and thought about self and how self makes up their entire being. Self is made of the human’s own biology his or her cognitive process and perception of oneself compared to others. This paper is going to look at the concept of self and how this relates to real-life; situations affect a person’s self-efficacy and esteem. Personalities are made up of the characteristicRead MoreSelf Reflection Analysis : Everybody Has One A Personality 1425 Words   |  6 Pages Self-Reflection Analysis Kellae Gyening Troy University Dr. Barbara Toner February 18, 2016 Self-Reflection Analysis â€Å"Everybody has one—a personality, that is—and yours will help determine the boundaries of your success and life fulfillment† ( (Schultz Schultz, 2012, p. 2). Correspondingly, the authors emphasize that personality is the most significant attribute of all individuals. Gordon Allport introduced the world to the original theoretical view of personality traits in 1937Read MoreEssay And Peer Reflection : Personality Theory781 Words   |  4 Pages Essay and Peer Reflection: Personality Theory A.J. Molina LeTourneau University â€Æ' Essay and Peer Reflection: Personality Theory Introduction Humanistic Psychology presents insight into understanding human behavior by delving into the individualistic view of each person. The importance of self-actualization infects the Western culture so psychologists need to have an understanding of individuals in order to counsel those who seek counseling. What is it? Humanistic Psychology arose during theRead MoreThe Complex Concepts Of Leadership816 Words   |  4 Pagesthat review of his leadership research, there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are people whom have tried to define it† (p. 2). Let us look then at leadership traits, that we might continue to identify and extrapolate the meaning and define leadership for our personal reflection that we can hold ourselves to, that identifies our purpose as a leadership type. Demonstrate consistency â€Å"say what you do, and do what you say† leadership endure frustration and stress to reactRead MorePersonality Reflection976 Words   |  4 PagesDelawrence Reed Psy/250 Version 6 Professor Wilkerson Personality Reflection Personality cares for the important, strong measures of a human being’s psychological vitality. Traits relates to an individual being merry or depressed, active or care less, brilliant or ignorant. There are many different definitions about personality. Most definitions are on mental system which is a cluster of mental pieces implicating purposes, feelings, and thinking patterns. The meanings alternate a littleRead MoreItem Personality Inventory ( Tipi )847 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach to the assignment I used the Ten – Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to rate my own personality. I also recruited the assistance of my husband to score my personality traits using this same measure. According to my scores I believe that I am medium low in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness while also self-scoring my level of agreeableness at a low. I took a good bit of time in scoring each personality trait, because I wanted to be as truthful with myse lf as

Range Of Duties by Directors and Officers â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Range Of Duties by Directors and Officers? Answer: Introduction: This case is related with the range of duties by the directors and officers of the corporation. It is also known as Centro case. In this case, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission started proceedings in the court against the directors of Centro. These included two executive directors of the corporation and six were non-executive directors. Among the two executive directors were, the former, MD and CEO of the company as well as Chief Financial Officer. The ASIC, was seeking a declaration according to which there has been a breach of duty by the defendants. That is mentioned in section 180(1) as well as section 344(1) and 601FD(1). The duty mentioned in s180 is known as the duty of care and diligence. It was alleged by the ASIC that the above-mentioned duties were breached when the directors of Centro had approved the financial statements of the company for 2007. There was an error present in these financial statements as the death of 1.5 billion has been stated as the non-current liability of the corporation but the truth was that it was the current liability of the corporation. Similarly, these financial statements also failed to mention $1.7 billion in guarantees. Another significant fact that was pointed out in this case was that central management and Price Waterhouse Cooper with was the external auditor for this group and also examines the statements and the report prepared by the directors, but they also fail to find these mistakes. Hence, the court was faced with issues including the determination if the directors of a large corporations have certain additional requirements due to which they should apply their mind and carefully examined the proposed statements of the corporation and they should make efforts to ensure that all the information that has been mentioned in the report is dependable on the grounds of their personal knowledge concerning the affairs of the corporation. Similarly, another issue before the court was to consider if any significant error has been committed by the directors due to the reason that either they knew regarding these matters or they should have been known regarding these matters. In this case, the Commission alleged in the court that as a result of the conduct of these directors, it can be said that there has been a breach of section 180(1) and 601FD, as well as other provisions of the Corporations Act. At this point, it is worth mentioning that the duty that has been mentioned in s180(1) applies to the directors and officers of the corporation. It requires that the directors should fulfill their duties by applying the same care and diligence that can be expected from any other reasonable person, who is acting in the same position and under similar circumstances of the company. Section 601FD also imposes an obligation for the officers of responsible entity concerning registered scheme. The Commission also made a navigation in this case that the Centro directors were also liable for the breach of s344(1). The reason was that these directors have failed to take reasonable steps that are necessary to comply with or to secure the compliance of the company concerning the financial reporting obligations mentioned in the Corporations Act under sections 295A, 296, 297 and 298. Outline the duties/responsibilities (e.g. CA s. 181) breached and explain why the duties were breached It was the decision of the court in this case that the Centro directors have breached their duties and responsibilities. These included the duty that has been imposed on the directors were section 181. The court was of the opinion that this directors of Centro knew very well regarding the interest-bearing liabilities of the corporation. Similarly, all these directors were either aware of the relevant accounting principles or should have been aware of them, and consequently, these directors and should have been alerted that an apparent error exists in the proposed financial statements. In view of these findings, it was held by the court that there was failure on part of all the defendant directors to the reasonable steps for evaluating the proposed financial statements, particularly regarding the debts of the corporation, as well as the guarantees that need to be stated in these statements. It was also held by the court that there was the failure on part of these directors to make rea sonable inquiries from the audit committee or from the management of the corporation concerning the protected statements that have been made in the financial statements concerning the short-term debts/guarantees. In the same way, these directors could not amend these apparent errors present in the financial statements. After arriving at these conclusions, the court was of the opinion that all the defendant directors were liable for breaching their duty of care and diligence. Hence the findings of the report was that the Centro directors have breached their duty stated in s180(1) and 601FD. It was also helped by the court that the former directors have also failed to take reasonable steps for the purpose of ensuring that the financial reporting obligations of the corporation have fulfilled and, consequently, they were also liable for the contravention of section 344, Corporations Act. Discuss and critically ANALYSE the court/tribunal decision and the reason for the decision in view of the Corporations Act In this part of the assignment, the reasoning adopted by the court to decide the case has been analyzed, by applying the provisions of Corporations Act. This case was decided by the court by keeping in view, the fact that although it has been mentioned in the Corporations Act that the directors are allowed to delegate the work of the preparation of the accounts of the company to another person (Baxt, Fletcher and Fridman, 2008). Similarly, they are also allowed by the Business Law to delegate the other tasks related with the day-to-day affairs of corporation but it is worth mentioning that even in such cases, it is the responsibility of the directors to always examine the information placed before them. Among the responsibilities imposed on the directors by the law, it is also required that the directors should properly understand all the information that has been provided to them regarding the company. In case the director finds that they are not clear regarding certain information, it is the legal obligation of the directors to ask questions concerning it (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). This responsibility also exists when the directors are examining the proposed financial statements of their corporation. As a result of the importance of these duties of the directors, it is required that the directors should properly understand all the information that has been provided to them. In case there is some ambiguity regarding this information among the directors, they are legally required to make further inquiries. But the court found in this case that the financial statements of Centro contained certain apparent errors (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, , 2013). These errors cannot be described as a result of mere technical oversight. Consequently, if the directors of the company would have applied their mind to these statements, it would have been very easy for them to find the presence of these errors (ACCC v Leahy Petroleum Pty., 2009]). These were the circumst ances under which the court held the opinion that either this directors knew regarding these errors or they should have known regarding the fact that certain apparent errors can be found in these statements. The court also expressed the opinion to support its decision it was also stated by the court that keeping in view. The importance of these issues, it was necessary for the former directors of Centro that the financial statements of the Company should not be certified by them as true and fair. In this regard, the court also expressed the opinion that the former directors should not have allowed the publication of the annual reports of the company if it was clear that there are certain significant matters that fail to find mentioned in the report. The court also pointed out towards the fact in its judgment that, the law does not require from the directors to have intimate knowledge related with all the affairs of the corporation. Therefore the directors are permitted to delegate some of their duties to other persons (Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry, [1998). In the same way while performing their duties, it is permissible for the directors to take help from other persons (Dyers v The Queen, 2002). But it is worth mentioning that even if the directors are permitted to depend on the other persons for the fulfillment of their duties, it is also necessary that the directors should not rely too much on others for the fulfillment of these duties. The Corporations Act clearly states that if the directors are going to delegate some of their tasks to other persons, the delegation of work should be according to section 295(4). In view of these provisions, it becomes clear that although it is permissible for the directors to del egate some of their responsibilities to the persons but the final responsibility will be of the directors only. The effect of this judgment can be described as a reminder for the directors regarding their obligation that they should play an active role in the financial management of the corporation. In the same way, the responsibility has been imposed on the directors to ensure that they properly understand all the information that has been placed before them. The directors should also ask questions regarding information if there is anything presented the information that is not clear to them. It will not act as an excuse if the directors Martin claimed that they had relied on the ground and regarding the financial statements of the corporation and the statements are automatically signed by them by assuming that the statement was correct. The court stated that it is the core requirement imposed on the directors that they should play an active role in the management of the corporation. Similarly, they have an obligation to take all reasonable steps so that they may be in a position where they can guide and monitor. In view of these legal obligations, it becomes the responsibility of the directors to read, understand and focus on the information that is present in these reports as an obligation has been imposed by the law on all the directors to approve or adopt these reports. Therefore, it is necessary that the financial statements of the corporation are carefully read and understood by the directors. Such reading and understanding of the financial reports will need that the director should consider if the financial statements placed before them are consistent with their own knowledge regarding the financial position of the corporation. This accumulated knowledge is the result of several responsibilities that have been imposed on the directors while performing the role and function of the director in the corporation. These include that the director should have at least a basic understanding concerning the business of the company. Similarly it is also required that the directors should be familiar with the fundamentals of business of the corporation. The director is also under the legal obligation to remain informed regarding the activities of the company, although it is not necessary that the director should be aware of the day-to-day activities of the corporation but the affairs and policies of the corporation should be closely monitored by the directors. In the same way, the directors should be familiar with the financial status of the company by regularly reviewing and understanding the financial statements. Although it is true that a director is not and monitor but still it is necessary that the director should have a questioning mind. The duty imposed on the directors to pay attention to the affairs of the company is not relieved. Even if such affairs are beyond the area of expertise of the directors. What is expected from the directors in such a case is that they should take deligent interest in the information placed before them, understand the information and apply an inquiring mind to these responsibilities. References Baxt, R, Fletcher, K Fridman, S 2008, Corporations and associations: cases and materials, 10th edn, LexisNexis, Butterworths, Sydney, New South Wales Harris, J, Hargovan, A Adams, M, 2013, Australian corporate Business Law, 4thedn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales Sweeney, B, OReilly, J Coleman, A, 2013, Law in Commerce, 6thedn.2015, Australian Corporations Legislation, LexisNexis Butterworths/CCH (Vol 1) Case Law Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Leahy Petroleum Pty [2009] FCA 1678 Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australasia Ltd v Ferrcom Pty Ltd (1991) 22 NSWLR 389 (CA) Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry [1998] FCA 968 Dyers v The Queen (2002) HCA 45

The Worrying Population Statistics

Table of Contents Summary Analysis Interpretation Opinion/insight References Summary Roberts (2011) article highlights on the increased world population, which currently stands at about seven billion people. To estimate the world’s population, UN and USCB use statistics and censuses from over 228 political entities and countries. The censuses and statistics not only help to project deaths inclusive of those caused by epidemics but also to project births inclusive of those conceived by the refugees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Worrying Population Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Approximately, 367,000 people are born each day while 153,000 people die each day hence resulting into an increase of 78.5 million people annually. As revealed, the increased population results from the gradual decline of deaths and gradual increase of births in a rapid manner. As a result, more people are bor n whilst fewer people succumb to death thus leading to population increment â€Å"attainment of billion-person milestones every 12 or 13 years† (Roberts, 2011, para. 11). Analysis However, one cannot help but note the statistical discrepancies that exist between the United Nations and USCB. USCB notes that the population will not reach 7 billion until four months are over. This implies that the United Nations ‘miss’ the population estimation â€Å"of 28 million, which is more that all people in Saudi Arabia† (Roberts, 2011, para. 2). The justification behind the outcome is the â€Å"margin of error of at least 1 percent† (Roberts, 2011, para. 4) which is said to give room for errors. Considering that UN and USCB collected information from similar sources, the estimation should be approximately the same and therefore, the error margin is not justifiable. A close look reveals that the disparity results from interpretation of figures. USCB use ‘s illy’ or impractical population interpreters ‘population clock’ that projects the number of persons who die or are given birth to every minute. As indicated, UN â€Å"don’t use a population clock† (Roberts, 2011, para. 6). Unfortunately, USCB dismisses these claims when they state that their estimates are precise ‘remarkably close’ (Roberts, 2011, para. 10). This shows that they are not willing to solve the population’s statistical differences between them and UN. Interpretation The more people the world has, the more resources are used. Therefore, if there is an increased population that the world can barely support, people will competed for the available resources including land, water and the available economic opportunities. This implies that there are people who will be destitute.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, increased competition for the available resources implies that people will have to fight for the resources thus resulting to conflicts, which can lead to wars. This explains why there is a need to have proper population estimates. They form the basis of addressing the needs and problems that the world’s population is facing such as mitigating overpopulation. Opinion/insight Changes in population could affect all people including me. If the world becomes overpopulated, I would likely succumb to poverty or live in a war-stricken society. For this reason, I think that the USCB and the UN should collaboratively evaluate the population estimates. This will help them come up with the most appropriate method that they can use to interpret the statistics and the censuses collected. In addition, this will help them come up with a more precise estimate for the world’s population and project how the population growth will be in future. This way, all members of the soci ety including the government and the international bodies can come up with precise solutions that could help mitigate overpopulation. References Roberts, S. (2011). U.N. says 7 billion now share the world. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/united-nations-reports-7-billion-humans-but-others-dont-count-on-it.html This essay on The Worrying Population Statistics was written and submitted by user Myles Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Investment Appraising Methods

Investment Appraising Methods Introduction The business environment is dramatically changing; investors are more concise and critically evaluate the trends in the market before channeling their cash into any business projects.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investment Appraising Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Seitz and Ellison (1995) explains that, before venturing into business projects, investors need to understand investment appraisal methods or capital budgeting techniques; these are regarded as the standard project evaluating methods that help the investor understand the viability of any project. This paper is aimed at discussing and describing the investment appraisal methods that are essential and most appropriate in evaluating an investment project. Under this paper, we shall look at NPV, IRR, Payback period, and ARR. Discussion Net Present Value Net present value is difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. In essence, NPV is the present value of future cash flows minus the purchase price (Arnold, 2007). In capital budgeting NPV is used to analyze the profitability of an investment project. The analysis in this case is tied to the reliability of future cash inflows in relation to an investment project will yield. NPV is calculated using the formula: CF0 = Cash flow at time zero, CF1 = Cash flow after one year, K = the opportunity cost of capital and n = number of yearsAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More NPV is used in investment decision-making as it helps in calculating how much an investment project will return to the investor in a given period. The criterion for accepting an investment is that accepts all projects that have a positive net present value unless they are mutually exclusive or there is capital rationing. Consequently, if the cash flow is a negative value, then the project is in a discounted cash outflow status as at that time (Bowlin and Scott, 1990). Investments with a positive NPV are essentially best ones to invest in (accepted). For example if: NPV 0 this means that the investment is capable of earning returns to the investor and therefore, the project may be undertaken. In this case, if there is more than one project under consideration, the one with the highest NPV should be given priority. NPV 0 this means that the project will require the investor to add in more money for the investment to run. This kind of investment projects are unacceptable and hence not worth venturing into them. NPV = 0 this means that the investment will neither gain nor lose value. This kind of projects does not add any monetary value to the investor. Decision on such a project is based on criteria such as strategic positioning. Internal Rate of Return As explained by Gitman (2000), this is the discount rate at whi ch the net present value is zero, it is used in capital budgeting which makes the net present value of all cash flow from an investment project equal to zero. For instance, the higher the internal rate of return, the more profitable the project. In this case, a project with the highest internal rate of return should be undertaken as compared to those with lower IRR. In some cases, IRR is said to be the rate of growth of an investment project is expected to generate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investment Appraising Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The IRR is given by r in the formula In this case if: K r; the opportunity cost is greater than the internal rate of return, the investment project should not be undertaken (reject) K r the opportunity cost is less than or equal to the internal rate of return, the project should be undertaken. Payback Period This is the period required for the return on inv estment to repay the sum of the initial investment (Eisenberg, 1996). It is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. It is calculated using the formula Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In calculating the payback period, the time value of money is not taken into consideration. Intuitively, payback period measures the time that a project takes to pay for itself. Shorter payback periods are preferred as compared to longer ones. Results Option A Payback Period This is the time needed in order for the project to pay for initial capital. It has its limitations but it is an easy gauge to add to an analysis of how profitable and good a project is. The shorter the payback is, the better it is as an investment for the company. In option 1, the payback period is 6.15 years as shown in appendix 1and critical acceptance level is 2.75 years. Using this criterion, the project is not acceptable. Internal Rate Return The internal rate of return is 7% that is rates that will yield zero NPV when compared with the negative cash flow of 2.5 million or initial outlay for the project. From this vantage point, it is not a good idea to go ahead with the project simply because the rate o f return is lower than the cost of capital at 12% already. Net Present Value The net present value of a project represents how profitable it will be for the company by using its future cash flow and discounting its value. If its value is bigger than the initial investment, then it is a good investment. The length of years used to calculate the net present value however could affect the NPV that is why it is also of critical importance to determine the correct length of years to use in the analysis. In this case, the option 1 seems to be unprofitable from the NPV point of calculation that is negative of $694,575 as shown in appendix 1. Option A Payback Period the payback period as indicated in appendix 2 is 3.54 years and critical acceptance level is 2.75 years. According to these criteria, the project is not acceptable as the Payback period is lower than critical acceptance level of 2.75 years. Internal Rate Return – the IRR of the project is 18% as shown in appendix 2 and the cost of capital is 12%. According to this criterion, the project is acceptable. Net Present Value – The expected NPV is $ 64,656. The figures of present are already higher than the initial capital outlay by $ 64,656. The only flaw in this analysis would be the length of time used to determine the computation. According criteria the project is acceptable. Recommendation It can be said that the best method for appraising investments is the discounted cash flow methods. This implies that the IRR and NPV provide best options. Gitman (2000) as noted since payback method ignores cash flows occurring after the payback period, it cannot be applied alone because it only gives a general view. On the other hand, IRR is simple to understand but full of shortcomings. Accordingly, it is NPV, which is the best and most reliable appraisal method since it provides a detailed approach. In view of the above assertions, the best option in this case is option B because it has a positive net p resent value and IRR that is greater the cost of capital of 12%. Option A will not be acceptable using any of the three criterions considered in the analysis. References Arnold, G. (2007). Essentials of Corporate Financial Management. London: Financial Times / Prentice Hall. Bowlin, M. Scott, G. (1990). Guide to Financial Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill. Eisenberg, R (1996). The Money Book of Personal Finance. New York: Warner Books, Inc. Gitman, L. (2000). Principles of Managerial Finance. London: Addison Wesley Longman. Seitz, N. Ellison, M. (1995). Capital Budgeting and Long-term Financing Decisions. Houston: Dryden Press. Appendix Appendix 1- Option 1 Appendix 2- Option 2 Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Capital cost (2,500,000) (500,000) operating and maintenance cost After tax operating Expenditures ($50,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) benefits $0 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 Free cash flow (2,500,000) $200,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 Required rate of return 12% Discount Factor 1 0.8929 0.7972 0.7118 0.6355 0.5674 0.5066 0.4523 0.4039 0.36061 0.3220 PV of free cash flow (2,500,000) $178,571 $518,176 $462,657 $413,087 $368,827 $329,310 $294,027 $262,524 $234,397 $209,283 NPV $64,656 IRR 18% Payback period total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 initial cost $3,000,000 2,500,000 $500,000 net cash flows $3,300,000 $700,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 $650,000 Payback period 3.54 years

Censorship and the Communications Decency Act essays

Censorship and the Communications Decency Act essays Censorship and the Communications Decency Act Censorship: suppression of words, images, or ideas that are offensive. Offensive: giving painful or unpleasant situations. These two words can easily be looked up and defined when having to use them in a paper, but trying to describe what should be censored and what is offensive is a daunting task. There have always been huge debates over censorship that aims at the First amendment and whether it is constitutional for a group of people to decide what is right for the people. Even before World War I, there were attacks on what was considered offensive material. Anthony Comstock, head of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, passed the first censorship law in 1873. The law forbade the mailing of anything, in his opinion, lewd, obscene or indecent. (Zelezny, 453) The controversy over censorship raged feverishly after WWI and until the Tariff Act of 1930, many literary classics were not allowed into the United States because of the obscenity contained in them. Over a 15-year period, which began in 1957, the Supreme Court made relaxed restrictions on obscene material. Supreme Court decisions struck down many obscenity statues, states responded by enacting laws prohibiting the sale of obscene materials to minors, and the Supreme Court upheld them. In 1973 and 1987, the Court decided that local governments could ban works if they were without serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value and were seen by local standards to appeal to prurient interest. The case of Miller v. California (1973), 413 U.S. at 24-25, tried to define and categorize what obscene and offensive meant. The courts invented what was known as the Miller Test. This test contained three parts, which constituted a guideline to isolate hard core pornography and if each one of these parts was proven in court, the material could be l...

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management - Case Study Example This company is now selling their products in almost all countries through out the world. Imperial says that combining the fourth and fifth largest cigarette companies in the world on a friendly basis makes compelling sense and would be a good strategic fit, and analysts say there would be no major competition problems. (UK's Imperial Tobacco makes $15billion bid for Spanish rival Altadis) SWOT Analysis- SWOT analysis is intended to provide information that is appropriate for the company's resources and other factors for the purpose of maintaining its prevailing market position. It means analyzing the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats. All these four factors should have an equivalent role in retaining its market strategy. Strength of a company indicates about its competitive advantage, mainly in respect of its patents, brand name etc. "SWOT Analysis highlights the weaknesses of the company and the threats to which it is exposed; the strengths of the company and the way the company has positioned itself to take advantage of the opportunities." (Imperial Tobacco Group PLC, Corporate Analysis). ... At the same time Threat creates a critical situation within the company's environment. It is a framework for the company to analyze the strength and weakness and for matching the company's opportunities with its threats. The major strength of Imperial Tobacco is that of innovation in the whole business areas. The company is delivering high quality products to their customers through which they are retaining and finding loyal customers for selling their products. The industry average in management practice is only up to 87%, but as far as the company is concerned, Imperial Tobacco achieves 88% towards its performance. Thus it becomes evident that they are the leaders in the industry. VRIO framework is a tool for analyzing an organization's capability for operating its business activities in an effective manner. This is a tool, which is internally applied within an organization for reviewing and improving its functioning. VRIO indicates Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization. Value means a firm's capability to utilize an opportunity and to defend any threat from others. It also provides a specification about the resource capacity of an organization. It is helpful for planning the future performance of a company and to defend against competitors. It enhances a company's productivity, which is more beneficial for improving its profitability as compared with its competitors. In order to maintain the Value concept, certain elements like corporate culture, effective management system, developing a friendly work atmosphere, and the adaptation of certain innovative techniques are essential. Rarity means an organization's ability to maintain its resources in the han ds of a few personnel. Due to the scarcity of resources, it is not easy

Analyze two short stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyze two short stories - Essay Example Connie is a fifteen years old girl, a typical adolescent, lover of music, theater and boys. Like all teenagers she is in revolt with the existing norms and is in search of independence. The fact that she is unaware of is that, independence brings with it maturity and responsibility and her tender body and mind are not yet prepared for both. While Arnold Friend on the other hand stands for harsh and brutal realities of the world. He is rough and tough. Might is right for him. He personifies lust in its purest form. Connie is impressed by his modern looks and shinning car, forgetting that all that glitters is not always gold. When dragged forcefully into the bitter realities of life by Friend she loses self-control and confidence. Structure of the story The theme is well developed into a unified story. The scene of the story is set in 1960, the period when women have begun their struggle for independence. The concept of modern woman is not yet very common. The naive fifteen years old C onnie sees the whole world from her own point of view. For the rebellions adolescent the life inside the house is very boring. Her mother is always scolding her and comparing her to her elder sister who â€Å"was so plain and chunky and steady that Connie had to hear her praised all the time by her mother and her mother’s sisters.†(Oates 23) Fully aware of her seductive powers Connie is determined to conquer the outside world with her beauty and charm but she is unaware of the forces that are beyond her control. . Exalted in her new discovered power to attract others, specially the high school boys, she finds it easy to control the whole world and lead a life according to her own wishes. She is a perfect epitome of fantasy with her rosy ideas of romance. Appearance is reality for her and everything that exists is real and lovable she â€Å"sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed with the warmth about her as if this were the kind of love, the caresses o f love.†(Oates 33) The conflict comes in the form of Friend who is powerful, dominating, vicious and ruthless. Connie resists with all her might but she is forcefully dragged into the bitter realities of the mature world. So the whole story becomes tragic. The end is vague like the real life itself in which so many things are unexplainable and hard to understand just as we are told that she sees â€Å"so much land that Connie had never seen before and did not recognized except to know that she was going to it†(Oates 50) Symbolism in the story Symbolism also plays important part in the development of the main theme. The whole story is the symbol of human life; we start our life in such an enthusiastic manner like Connie and want to conquer the whole world. We are euphoric about our energies and power. Then suddenly the bitterness of the hard realities of life shakes us, shattering our belief and faith on ourselves. We are crushed by the burden of life which is often gove rned by the evil forces. Life itself is as vague as the ending of the story. It can be interpreted in so many ways but none of the interpretation bears a happy ending. Music is also used as a symbol in order to develop the theme of the story. It is always there in the fore front or in the back ground leaving its effect on all that is going on. Connie loves music and it is present in her head all the time turning her surrounding into an imaginary world where everything is beautiful and

Involvement of USA in Korean War Essay Example for Free

Involvement of USA in Korean War Essay Different from its involvement in the Vietnam War? In the 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s onwards USA got interested in Asian affairs. Taking into account the fact that they were not defending themselves or any other American ally, they had to further extend territorial boundaries to fall on political-ideological frontiers. Indeed, they were defending its territory from enemies in a new scale: the fear against the developing communism over the world. In these lines, Korea and Vietnam portrayed two international hotspots now focused on Asia, as the stage within the fight of the two global powers: USA and the Soviet Union. Anyways, were the circumstances by which USA faced communism in both countries different? First of all, the background in South-East Asia determined in great scale American intervention in the area, since either country were occupied by other foreign powers: while Korea was under Japanese domination, Vietnam still remained part of the French empire (later becoming member of the French Union). The first case of Korea was already been the stage of the war between democracy and communism. USA was quite anxious since the conflict that had already happened in Germany and the one that was going on in Turkey and Greece, both cases falling under soviet beliefs. After the defeat of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1949, by communist Mao, American leaders began fearing that the rapid spread of the system around the world would be successful one more time in Asia. Thus, USA decided to risk and try obtaining new territory that would give them an ally in East Asia, which, in turn, would give it time to plan more attempts and new victory against communism. Thus, they fought against the Japanese settlement as an excuse to free the territory in the name of democracy. However, the Soviet Union was also very interested in the area for the same reasons: a new ally and victory against capitalism. Anyways, the whole territory was firstly freed under the name of United Nations, towards democracy, for support free peoples who are resenting attempt subjugation. However both powers claimed their part very soon. Both powers set up a divisor line along the 38th parallel, where the North would be under Soviet aim and the South by American intervention. Then, although elections were held in South Korea (August 1938) supported by UN, Russia rejected to do so in the North. The South became the independent Republic of Korea and the North adopted the name of Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, very much in the lines of Chinese system. The tension now remained very high at either sides of the line. Since the president of North Korea by the time, Kin IL Sung might have been encouraged by the Chinese government and Russia with military supplies to test USA President, Trumans determination, showing him that communism was the dominant power in Pacific Asia, also with the promise of spreading further very soon. At that stage, the domino theory was beginning in American minds. This concept applies to the idea that the fall of one state to a common system would lead inexorably to a series of the same. Therefore, if communism triumphed in China and Korea was already under its influence, the wave could have an unlimited repercussion in the entire area of South-East Asia. Thus, behind these ideas, American troops were ordered to Korea to withdraw North Koreans troops after their invasion in the south republic, together with forces from another 14 countries all under the command of General McArthur. However, afterwards, South Korea was almost taken by North Korea troops but American troops regained control in the territory later and also two thirds of North Korea, in its advance northwards. With this movement, they eventually placed a fleet between Taiwan and China mainland. Thus, China now feared them to help Chiang Kai-Shek troops from the island to come again and conquer the region of Manchuria as the most important industrial and strategic area. This attempt, if successful, would cut off the problem of communism in Asia, since China would turn back to democracy and therefore either North Korea would remain isolated or without Chinese help, she would not be able to survive in the area for long. These reasons made the Chinese government launch a massive counter offensive in 1951 that captured South Korea capital again. Now McArthur was afraid of Chinese power and thought that the best strategy to defeat communism in the area was only possible with atomic bombs. With this new horizon within the fight, president Truman feared a large-scale war that would provoke a nuclear war, which USA did not want. It pointed out the American limitations that would enclose them within the fight: they feared communism because the nuclear power that could destroy them, but the only force capable to defeat it was their nuclear power, something that, however, they could not use since it would drag them into a fatal war. Thus, now, the only American possibility focused to settle in East Asia to contain communism there: in January 1951 UN troops expelled the North Koreans troops from South Korea and fortified the frontier, until in July 1953, both countries firmed a peace agreement that stated the limit at the 38th parallel. After American impossibility for annexation of territories in East Asia, the new step had to be focused in the South, due to the independence of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from the French Union (Geneva Agreement, 1954). Then, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two countries, and analogously as Korea, the frontier was established at another parallel, in this case the 17th one. In 1956, elections were to be held in the whole country, but they never were and only in South Vietnam a referendum was held in 1955, which gave Ngo Dinh Diem as the president. He did not want to hold elections for the whole country and USA, with Eisenhower as the new president feared much more intensely the domino effect. Moreover, Diem was unable to rule the country, mainly because he was very unpopular among the peasants, which furthover, in the future encouraged unwilling towards American presence in the south and appetence for communism. At this stage the Vietcong (the guerrillas) in the south were receiving supplies, equipment and troops from North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, who was leader of the resistance against French Union and who wanted communism to rule the country, thought that giving aid to South Vietnam against Diem, national elections would not be held and to unify the countries forces would be necessary. Thus, the next American presidencies had to launch a very strong campaign to stop the communism wave in Vietnam: -Kennedy (1961-3) tried to keep American involvement against the guerrilla, by sending advisors, military equipment and enclosing local peasants into fortified villages to isolate the Vietcong outside. However, this failed since most of the peasants were members of the Vietcong. -Johnson (1963-9) decided to bomb North Vietnam (1965), as he thought that Ho Chi Minh controlled directly the Vietcong. He also sent half million troops in the south. However, due to the great pressure of American public against the war, since they saw the conflict as a total failure, Johnson stopped the bombing in March 1968, although he did not want to withdraw. -Nixon (1969-74) based his plan in the new concept of Vietnamization: As public opinion did not allow him to send more troops to Vietnam, he would use the ones that were already there to re-army the Vietnamese army keep their own defence. That would allow gradually American troops to withdraw. However, he began a new wave of bombing in the north, but this time including Cambodia and Laos, as they were receiving supplies and troops from North Vietnam. Despite all the measures and policies, at the end of 1972, the Vietcong controlled almost the entire territory and several factors obligated the American intervention to reach the end. Eventually a ceasefire was agreed in January 1973. Then, American troops were withdrawn and in 1975 the Vietcong unified the whole country under a communism government by occupying Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam. Also in Laos and Cambodia the system was established the same year. Taking all these explanations into account, I can state that there were slight differences between the American policies in both the Korean and the Vietnamese wars. The main reason was the potential force used in each one, and China played an important part. It applies to the fact that the attack against them was not as ruthless as in Vietnam, mainly due to Chinese power. While in Vietnam neither China nor Russia supported the army as directly as in Vietnam, in Korea China was directly involved since the problem was slighted related with the relationship between USA and Chiang Kai-Shek troops. For China, American troops recovered Manchuria, they would give back China mainland to them. Communist China was not willing to accept that, and USA knew that she was capable of fighting bravely to an extent that USA did not want to test, since the split of the Sino-Soviet agreement left China in an uncertain situation from the international point of view: We do not want the fighting in Korea to expand into a general war. Therefore, American government did not risk indeed and the only price was to lose North Korea. Nevertheless, in Vietnam they could use a more violent system as they communist China was already established and did not fear USA any more. Moreover, the conflict was seen under UN eyes: solely for the purpose of restoring the Republic to its status prior to the invasion. For international support, it was a fight towards the human rights, since North Korea under communism did not want to hold elections. However, UN never supported the war in Vietnam and the international view of the war and American methods to be victorious pressed the government to reach the end of the conflict. Therefore, differences between the both wars was mainly due to internal factors of each country, but especially the foreign intervention that encouraged or restrained American actions to act in one way or another.

Aztecs Essay -- essays research papers

Aztec The Aztec Indians, who are known for their domination of southern and central Mexico, ruled between the 14th and 16th centuries. Their name is derived from Azatlan, the homeland of the north. The Aztecs also call themselves Mexica and there language came from the Nahuatlan branch of the Uto-Aztecan family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians came towards Lake texcoco. Late families were unfortunate and were forced to go to the swamp lands. In the swamp lands there was only one piece of land to farm on and it was totally surrounded by more marshes . The Aztec families some how converted these disadvantages to a might empire known as they Aztec Empire. People say the empire was partially formed by a deeply believed legend. As the the legend went it said that Aztec people would create a empire on in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake while perched on a cactus which is growing out of a rock in the swamplands. This is what priests claimed they saw while entering the new land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the year 1325 Their capital city was finished. They called it Tenochtitlan. In the the capital city aqueducts (piping) were constructed, bridges were built, and chinapas were made. Chinapas were little islands formed by pilled up mud. On these chinapas Aztecs grew corn, beans, chili peppers, squash, tomatoes, and tobacco. Tenochtitlan (the capital city) was covered in giant religious statues in order to pay their respects to the gods. In the Aztec religion numerous gods controlled an Aztec’s daily life. Some of these gods include: Uitzilpochtli (the sun god), Coyolxauhqui (the moon goddess), Tlaloc (the rain god), and Quetzalcoatl (the inventor of the calendar and writing). Another part of the Aztec religion was human sacrifices. For their sacrifices the priest would lay the man or woman over a convex (rounded) stone, then he would take a sharp knife and cut the victims heart out. They did this because they believed that good gods could prevent bad gods from doing evil things and they also believed that good gods got their strength from human blood and hearts so they had sacrifices in order to keep their gods strong. For major rituals warriors were sacrificed, for the warrior this was one of the greatest hon... ...eternity. The earth was thus created through fire and death; the earth mother had fallen, the moon goddess was dead, and her brothers slaughtered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And so is the story of the Aztec creation. They based their lifestyle on the examples set by the gods and goddesses in the story, thus they led violent lives. The Aztecs saw no wrong in torturing, maiming, and decapitating their neighbors for the gods. They were a savage people, and this savagery would be their downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1519 Hernando Cortes` led over 500 men into Aztec territory in search of gold, what he found were the magnificent golden statues of the Aztec deities. The Aztecs believed him to be the representative for some white skinned god, and hence feared and respected him. It was not until they saw him melting their statues and shipping the blocks of gold to Spain that they acted. They attacked Hernanado and his men, and succeeded in driving them off. However, Cortes returned later with the support of local Indian tribes that hated the Aztecs for centuries of cruel treatment to defeat the mighty Aztecs and take the empire. This ended the Aztec civilization forever.

The Stamp Act

Jamie Brissette Hist310 Tue/Thur 9am #2 paper The Stamp Act Riot, 1765 Francis Bernard wrote the document â€Å"Stamp Act Riot, 1765† about the colonies response to Parliaments stamp act. The colonies or the Stamp Act Congress questioned whether it was right for Parliament to tax the colonies. In doing so Parliament created a rebellion within the colonies who only wanted a say in their Government and decisions being made. If Parliament had treated the colonies better, respected their rights to govern themselves, and had given them a say maybe this would not have contributed to the series of events leading up to the Revolutionary War. Bernard 106) The Stamp Act was an important act introduced by the British Prime Minister George Grenville and it was passed in March 1765 by the British Parliament. (Henretta 137) Its purpose was to raise money for the British army stationed in the American colonies. The Stamp Act required tax stamps for public documents such as newspapers, legal documents, customs documents, licenses, playing cards, deeds, and almanacs. Since Britain was left with a large national debt from the Seven Years’ War, the British government felt that since the colonies benefited that they should contribute to the expenses.As Francis Bernard describes the  American colonies  acted strongly against this matter. This all took place in Boston Massachusetts. During the summer of 1765, because of the Stamp Act, there were many protests in the colonies. These protests involved everyone from civic leaders to street mobs. In many cities and towns the slogan became â€Å"no taxation without representation†. The Sons of Liberty were a secret organization that often organized these protests. Many acts of violence and a lot of pressure centered towards the Stamp Agents, by fall almost all Stamp Agents resigned.The Virginia Assembly declared that the Stamp Act was unjust and illegal. The assembly passed resolutions against taxation by the Bri tish Parliament. The Massachusetts House of Representatives invited all of the colonies to send delegates to a General Congress. The colonies that accepted the invitation and sent delegates to the General Congress were New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Massachusetts. In October of 1765 in New York City a Stamp Act Congress was held. It was represented by nine colonies.The Stamp Act Congress declared that stamp taxes could not be collected without the people’s consent and that the colonists’ right to be taxed was only by their own elected representatives. Merchants agreed not to import British goods until the law was repealed. That led to the British Parliament being bombarded by petitions from English merchants not importing their goods. Many English political leaders argued that the law was unenforceable. (Bernard 106) Finally on March 4, 1766 the Stamp Act was repealed by the British Parliament. The unity of the American colonists in their opposition towards the Stamp Act contributed to this appeal.The Stamp Act was one of the many events leading up to colonist having enough and wanting to govern themselves. This Act and the protests leading up to the appeal help create American Nationalists who wanted to separate from Britain. The conflict between the British government and the American colonists over the Stamp Act is considered one of the causes of the American Revolutionary War.Sources www. online-literature. com www. wikipedia. com Documents for American History Chapter 5, 5-4 â€Å"The Stamp Act Riot, (1765) by Francis Bernard, pages 106-107 America A Concise History by James A Henretta pages 137-138 The Stamp Act â€Å"No taxation without representation! † (Americas Past and Promise) That was the colonist’s famous saying. The colonists were being taxed with no say in parliament. They were getting taxed with the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the Sugar Act, but those were only a few. Eventually the Stamp Act was successfully repealed, yet the Stamp Act was the catalyst for the American Revolution. The stamp Act was the first attempt for Brittan to directly tax the colonists. (Mason Lorna) Brittan thought that since they owned the colonists they could tax them, and the colonists would and have no say.Brittan put a tax on all diplomas, wills, playing cards, and other everyday advertisements. (Mason Lorna) â€Å"Brittan stated that all documented papers had to contain a stamp that said the items were taxed. † said Bilven junior. Stamps were very expensive then and not many people could afford them. The October delegates met and stated that the colonist will not be able to have a ny say in parliament. This mad the colonists enraged. This was the cause of the first true rifts between the patriots and the loyalists. The colonists held an orderly Stamp Act congress to protest the law.The colonists rioted in seaport towns. (Bilven junior) Most assemblies believed that they had the right to decide on their own laws. Men who sold stamps were threatened or their houses were set on fire. The houses of the people who approved this act were also set on fire by the colonists. The colonists started to boycott the English goods that had to be stamped, and this started to make the imports go down. Colonists drew up petitions stating that the right to tax belonged to assembly colonies. The colonists were very unhappy with this tax and started to do just about anything to get rid of it.Benjamin Franklin was one of the very important people who stood up to Brittan and got the Stamp Act repealed. Benjamin Franklin argued and warned the English that the continuation of this ta x could lead to rebellion. In 1766 well law abiding business men repealed the Stamp Act. Though the Stamp Act was only one out of the many taxes that Brittan placed on the colonists, the stamp act was the most important. The Stamp Act was a big help in starting the Revolutionary war. The Stamp Act was also one out of the many to get repealed so quickly. The Stamp Act was not only a loss to the colonists, but a great benefit also.

Christianity in the Land of Santhals

There is considerable difference of opinion among Christians over the story of Creation. From the Catholic perspective God is ever present in some aspect. There are significant themes in the Bible, Moral Therapeutic Deism and â€Å"NOAH† that explicitly express distinct views of creation. The central idea in all three expressions is that God is in existence and created the world. However, the creation stories differ significantly regarding the purpose and reason of the world, more specifically human beings. The story of creation differs greatly throughout the Bible. The amount of altering views in the book of Genesis alone is astounding. Genesis is the study of beginning; the record of all creation along with sin. It is â€Å"mythic† in the way that it tries to make sense of the world. Genesis contains two creation stories. In chapter one and the beginning of chapter two, the first story expresses the stages of creation in six days, with each day expanding from the day before, until creation achieves its peak when God makes human beings in His image. In Genesis I, the world begins â€Å"in the beginning† of everything. From a void, God creates everything out of nothing. â€Å"1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.† (Genesis 1:1-2) God created light and darkness on day one, the next day He created the atmosphere and divided it from the oceans, on day three God created land, water and vegetation, the next day He created the sun, moon and stars, on day five God created creatures to fill the sky and water, on day six He created creatures to fill the land, and on the last day of creation God rested from all His work. The second story of creation centers around the creation of a human being. God took dirt and breathed life to create the world and humanity. In this Genesis story, creation was more experimental. This can be seen through His creation of Adam and eventually Eve. God seems to be enthusiastic about the world. Similar to Genesis I, God created humanity out of His love and kindness. â€Å"And God saw that it was good.† (Genesis 1:4) He plants a garden and creates animals to entertain Adam and Eve demonstrating how deeply He cares for them and all future humanity. Furthermore, when God created man and woman in His own image, the Bible says, â€Å"And God saw everything that He made, and behold, it was very good.† (Genesis 1:31) God was fulfilled with His creation and looking at it gave Him a kind of bliss. The Genesis creation accounts set up a specific problem by stressing the goodness of everything that God has made and continuously deny that the world is broken from the start by a battle involving the forces of good and evil. Although Genesis does not precisely state how evil enters the supposed to be good world, it describes how Adam and Eve introduce the idea of disobedience to God into creation. God in turn created unnatural curses on the future of humanity. These curses, including men to toil in the field, women to be ruled by their husband and experience excruciating pain during child birth, and the inevitable death of all creation, were meant to punish Adam and Eve for their sinful actions. As time advanced and sin expanded, humans eventually deviated so far from good that they started trusting in and worshipping other so-called divine beings. The record of the beginning of humans gradually developed to correspond with the life of transgression, violence and these new convictions. This can be seen explicitly in the movie â€Å"NOAH†. In this movie, the opening scenes make it apparent that God created humans to be good. Because mankind was becoming too sinful, God called upon Noah to build an ark that can sustain the flood that He would create to wipe out the human race. â€Å"NOAH† is a cinematic train wreck that expresses the de-creation story put in action by God. Certain scenes in this movie express how the human race has become nothing but violent. The main character, Noah, even states that he, along with his family, has the darkness inside him. This can be seen through the savagery toward animals and the treatment of women and children throughout the movie. In Genesis, God set a moral standard by which the human beings must live. Although, in the Bible, we know that both humans and animals have become violent, â€Å"I have decided to put an end to all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.† (Genesis 6:13), ‘Morality' in other animals is simply their instincts. This can add to the claim in the movie that animals are entirely innocent and require protection from the immoral actions of humanity. Genesis places human life in accordance with the life of animals. The first story places the creation of mankind on the same day, day six, as the creation of animals. In â€Å"NOAH† there is an essential division between humans and animals. Instead of saving the human race, God orders Noah to bring two of each species on earth onto the arc to save the animal species. He does this because there is the idea that animals acquire an innocence that human beings clearly do not. This stresses that God saw animal kind as innocent and, in a way, above humans. In the first Genesis story, God created human beings to fill the Earth and order it. â€Å"God blessed them and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.'† (Genesis 1:28) This verse describes God's purpose for the human race as being fruitful while subduing the Earth. Moral Therapeutic Deism proposes an elevated view of self. It is a very individualistic deism that has the idea that God wants humans to have â€Å"good† morals. The five beliefs of Moral Therapeutic Deism are that God exists and created the world, God wants people to be good, nice and fair to each other, the central goal of life is to be happy and feel good about oneself, God does not need to be particularly involved in one's life except when He is needed to resolve a problem, and good people go to heaven when they die. The first belief is a direct contradiction to the Incarnation in Scripture. It holds the conviction that God made the world then pulled back from it turning away from human beings. The second belief also contradicts Scripture. Christ did not come to Earth to make unmoral men â€Å"good†. He did not come to us to reform us but to reclaim creation from the scourge of sin. Having a behaved people was not His objective. The third belief is a very self-interested idea because happiness means something different to every person. This claim that the end goal of a person's life should be to find happiness completely redefines the idea that God wants people to be nice, fair and kind considering that people can define these traits differently. In Scripture, God yearns for more than merely good behavior and occasional happiness. â€Å"Therefore, anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.† (Matthew 5:19) The fourth belief also contradicts the Incarnation. God is involved in every aspect of our lives. The Kingdom of Heaven, along with God, is current and present. He is exceptionally active in the life and well-being of His creation. â€Å"Behold, I am with you and will keep you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land; for I will not leave you until I have done what I have promised you.† (Genesis 28:15) This idea that God created the world and humanity just to leave it alone can also be seen in the movie â€Å"NOAH†. Repeatedly throughout the movie, Tubal-Cain curses God and is angered by the lack of communication between God and humanity. Except for Noah, who regularly claims to see and hear signs from God, human beings felt that they were, in a way, left in the dark. This caused them to act out and eventually believe that they could do anything they wanted including savagery. The fifth belief is also considered false by Scripture. Heaven is about being present and in constant communication with God. People do not go to Heaven, Heaven comes down to us. â€Å"No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven.† (John 3:13)

Film Production essays

Film Production essays In the period previous to the 1930's, the predominant form of filmmaking was that of the crank camera. This is not to say that motor-driven cameras were not possible. However, the motors to advance the film were so large that they were simply too cumbersome to be effective. Thus, it was the cameraman himself who would crank the film at a steady rate to expose the frames. When it came to showing the film, on the other hand, motor driven projectors were quite convenient, and by the 1920's a standard 24 frames per second was established for projecting films. Filming, however, remained unstandardized due to the inherent variation in recording speeds, since it depended directly on the cameraman. An experienced cameraman was capable of filming an entire film at approximately the same speed, yet often variations were made in the recording speed for dramatic effect. Decreasing the number of cranks, for example, exposed fewer frames and thus when projected at the standard 24 frames created the frenzied action that characterized much of the Vaudeville cinema. The French filmmaker Georges Melies was among the first to employ changing backdrops and costumes to tell his story. Up until that point many film were only a few minutes long taking place on a single set. Changing sets and costumes opened a vast range of new possibilities and spurred further growth in the fledgling industry. As the film industry expanded in America, filmmakers found and increasing need for to establish a single location at which they could build sets and film ...

Free Essays on Drug Trafficking

Unbelievably, illegal drug trafficking affects about every country in the world. The major countries in Latin America where the illegal drugs are grown are Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). From these countries, they are shipped mainly to the United States and Canada, but are also shipped to European countries such as the Netherlands, England, Spain, and Germany. A variety of drugs are sent across the borders of Latin America countries which include: Cocaine, Marijuana, Heroin, Methamphetamine, MDMA which is also called Ecstasy, LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), PCP (Phencyclidine), Flunitrazepam, GHB(Gamma hydroxybutyrate), and Steroids (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). The first known drug traffic is not known to man, but major trafficking began in the late nineteen seventies from Colombia to the United States. Drug trafficking not only effects the Latin America who supply the drugs, drug traffic king also effects the receiving such as Canada and the United States. In the receiving countries, almost every citizen is affected both directly and indirectly. Along with citizens, the economy and market is influenced from this activity. Not to be confused that Latin America is only one region where illegal drugs are shipped from, illegal drugs are also shipped from the Middle East, Southeast and Southwest Asia (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). Illegal drug trafficking is a serious problem in the United States of America and other countries in the world, but countries in Latin America look at drug trafficking as a profitable business. The â€Å"War on Drugs† in the United States has been going on for about twenty-five years, but drug trafficking around the world has been going on for centuries (Lobe 1). Bureaus and Departments such as the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs began to arise in the United States in the late nineteen sixties due to the rise ... Free Essays on Drug Trafficking Free Essays on Drug Trafficking Unbelievably, illegal drug trafficking affects about every country in the world. The major countries in Latin America where the illegal drugs are grown are Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). From these countries, they are shipped mainly to the United States and Canada, but are also shipped to European countries such as the Netherlands, England, Spain, and Germany. A variety of drugs are sent across the borders of Latin America countries which include: Cocaine, Marijuana, Heroin, Methamphetamine, MDMA which is also called Ecstasy, LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), PCP (Phencyclidine), Flunitrazepam, GHB(Gamma hydroxybutyrate), and Steroids (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). The first known drug traffic is not known to man, but major trafficking began in the late nineteen seventies from Colombia to the United States. Drug trafficking not only effects the Latin America who supply the drugs, drug traffic king also effects the receiving such as Canada and the United States. In the receiving countries, almost every citizen is affected both directly and indirectly. Along with citizens, the economy and market is influenced from this activity. Not to be confused that Latin America is only one region where illegal drugs are shipped from, illegal drugs are also shipped from the Middle East, Southeast and Southwest Asia (â€Å"Drug Trafficking in the United States†). Illegal drug trafficking is a serious problem in the United States of America and other countries in the world, but countries in Latin America look at drug trafficking as a profitable business. The â€Å"War on Drugs† in the United States has been going on for about twenty-five years, but drug trafficking around the world has been going on for centuries (Lobe 1). Bureaus and Departments such as the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs began to arise in the United States in the late nineteen sixties due to the rise ...

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Government - Essay Example This is because the minority party can have powers to control the interests of the majority party in doing as they wish and desire. In addition, another reason for filibuster in the senate is to keep the senate from becoming a House, which may be succumbed to the passions of the day. In my view, I think filibuster should not be eliminated since it is a remarkably crucial and unique issue in the U.S. government. The filibuster should not be eliminated since it is a strong tool to the minority party. The minority can use the filibuster in making a point or trying to get their way. In the senate, a senator or his minority party can block a full nomination or senate consideration of a certain bill through unlimited debate of a proposal. The use of the filibuster by the minority ensures representation of the minority party in the senate, which creates a balance in the senate. Hence, the filibuster in the senate should not be eliminated since its withdrawal in the senate would threaten fre e speech and debate in the senate. List and explain some of the various roles (constitutional and extraconstitutional) that a president must play. Of these roles, which role do you believe is most important for a president, and why? The American president has both constitutional and extra constitutional roles with which he is associated. One of the constitutional roles of the American president is assuming the role of chief of state. Through this role, the president acts as a symbolic leader of America and abroad. When assuming this role, the president should be above politics. Another constitutional role assumed by the president is that of the chief administrator. In playing this role, the president is responsible for executing all rules and overseeing the bureaucracy. Another constitutional role is being the chief commander. In assuming this role, the president does not play a symbolic role; he decides what to do in times of conflict. The president is given a superior ability in a ssessing and reacting to situations. In addition, the president plays a constitutional role in assuming the role of a chief diplomat. In this role, the president determines countries to negotiate foreign policies and the ones to recognize officially. On the other hand, the president plays the role of a party leader as one of the extra constitutional roles. Another extra constitutional role played by the president is that of an economy manager. In taking this responsibility, the president directs the economy. In addition, another extra constitutional role of the president is being the voice of the people. The president represents all the people for the entire nation since it is the only position, which the whole nation has to decide who will be the leader. Of these roles, I think being the chief commander is the most vital role. This stems from the fact that the president is capable of analyzing situations and coming up with strategies to protect the nation. Describe the process wher eby the Supreme Court sets its agenda, makes its decisions, and delivers them to the public. The process of Supreme Court’s agenda-setting commences when a party loses a case in a lower court, desires the Supreme Court to evaluate the verdict of the lower court, and files a petition for an appeal with the court or a writ of certiorari. After the petition for certiorari and entire accompanying briefs are recorded, the office of the Supreme

Problems and differences with gender in business accounting Research Paper

Problems and differences with gender in business accounting - Research Paper Example The glass ceiling barriers are evident even among students who exhibit the interest of pursuing a career in accounting. This paper will discuss gender differences and problems in the accounting field. Business accounting is a field that was saturated by men initially, with few women taking up the career. Many people considered it a career designated for men because it is highly demanding, and patriarchal attitudes dictated that only men had the resilience to hold such pressure. Although women have ventured into this career in the recent past, research reveals that gender differences still exist in this career (Shalhoub 1). Although women have proven their resilience and breaking the first layer of the glass ceiling barriers placed before them in this career, it is evident that they have multiple barriers resulting from the remaining composite glass ceiling. Although women have gained entry into this career, and have excelled in different certifications of accounting, gender issues st ill pose a barrier. Evidently, the competition in the business world has served to raise the bar for many people who intend to adopt a career progression in accounting (Tsamenyi and Uddin 123). Many women have advanced education in this accounting exhibiting the potential of competing with men in academic qualifications. However, despite having the academic qualifications and making efforts to advance their education after gaining entry into the career, it proves difficult for women to receive promotions. Evidently, many senior accountants are men, with organizations preferring to reserve that post for males. Although they have the relevant qualifications, gender stereotypes prevent women from progressing faster in their career. Such stereotypes motivate male employers to hire make accountants, and if women are hired, they are placed in the lower ranks in the accounting department (Riahi-Belkaoui 87). This has made it difficult for women to break the glass ceiling barriers completel y. In comparison to male accountants, women are likely to register longer time before they receive a promotion. In other cases, women with similar academic backgrounds to men may be placed at a lower rank than the men. Men exhibit negative attitudes that serve to limit women because of the technicality of the accounting job. This presents a problem when women receive promotions because the men may work towards proving that women lack the required competence for the job. Instead of offering the right kind of support, men may serve to make the responsibilities of the women tougher. In reaction to the negative attitudes, some women often embark on proving that they have fit for the job instead of promoting organizational financial goals. The accounting department often works closely with other departments, and may face the compulsion to make critical decisions that can pose serious consequences for the organization. This is one of the aspects that has contributed to the development of stereotypes that prevent female accountants from being considered for promotions. Many men believe that women lack the capacity to make such critical decisions (Kuersten 67). In cases where women hold the office of senior accounting, and exhibit the competence of making such decisions, men are likely to feel inferior. Such factors often trigger problems

Professionalism project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professionalism project - Essay Example Sheng reckons that individuals, businesses, nonprofit organizations, and government can use managerial accounting to evaluate their business performance. More so, Sheng notes that managerial accounting follows no accounting standards or general principles and hence companies can choose specific tools and techniques for managing their businesses (Caplan 1). Sheng observed that business could implement managerial accounting by themselves or hire professional accountants with knowledge on management accounting to carry out this role. In Sheng’s case, her relative uses certain managerial accounting techniques to evaluate the business performance of the food store. Most importantly, Sheng says that various management accounting techniques help their family in making important management decisions. She named the techniques he relative uses that included budgets, variance analysis, target costing, activity based costing, just – in - time system, and break-even analysis. Sheng states that budgets are important in the food store as they create a financial road map for the management to follow while planning on how to spend business capital in the future. Sheng notes that the process of making the food store’s budget involves the analysis of past production figures, labor cost, and raw material costs used to do specific things in the business. She hence says that they use another technique called variance analysis to ensure that the management follows the budget and provides information on how to handle potential variances. Sheng states that variance analysis involves the calculation of variances on the assumed labor costs, and level of sales in the food store. As such, variance analysis helps the management of the food store to choose which department in the food store needs changes. On the other hand, Sheng state that her relative uses Just-in-time systems to ensure that supply of products to the food store takes

Chiquita Bananas Essay Example for Free

Chiquita Bananas Essay Chiquita is blamed for the actions of two terrorist organizations that extorted money from the company. Victims and their families of the attacks performed by these two terrorist organizations are looking for compensation from Chiquita, claiming that the company is responsible for making those attacks happen. Chiquita has to make a decision whether or not to take the responsibility for the actions performed by the two organizations. Key Facts/Background FARC and AUC (two Colombian organizations currently designated by the U. S. as terrorist organizations) purportedly threatened Chiquita’s executives to hurt employees in the Colombian plant if the company failed to provide the payments for their â€Å"protection. † Chiquita continued to do so until two years after the U. S. designated AUC as a terrorist organization. The U. S. government fined Chiquita for giving â€Å"protection money† to FARC and AUC. Now the victims and families of FARC and AUC are coming forward to claim compensation for damages they incurred due to actions that were financed in part by the money provided by Chiquita. If the law that permits victims and their families to sue providers of support to the terrorist organizations passes, Chiquita may face multiple lawsuits for providing this support to FARC and AUC, which may amount to millions of dollars. The law is not yet in place but the problem that Chiquita is facing is already here. Stakeholder Analysis Based on the case one of the main stakeholders is Chiquita. Giving money to FARC and AUC in the first place was not only illegal (after 2001) but also not aligned with, what could be perceived as company’s dedication to protect its employees—giving money may have (and actually did) encourage the AUC to continue to threaten Chiquita just like FARC did. The company did not show that they are constant and coherent in their vision of corporate and social responsibility. They did not care about the communities they operated in as much as they cared about their own well being. The issue is that the payments were already made and the company admitted to it, which ended with a plea agreement with the U. S. government. Now, the challenge is whether or not to admit that Chiquita is responsible for actions of FARC and AUC because â€Å"extortion† money has been paid. This may result in either lawsuits or settlements for all the damage incurred by the two terrorist organizations, which in turn will result in definite lowering of the bottom line and losing credibility. At the same time (just like with the Tylenol case) if Chiquita acknowledges by itself the wrongdoing, it may recover its image of socially responsible company and show that it is aligned with their beliefs of protecting people (just as they protected their employees, they should protect all the people who are affected by their actions). If Chiquita will wait until law is passed and then fight over the responsibility, it will be costly, but also the company will loose all the credibility they built with the customers and shareholders over the decades. The U. S. judicial system is another main stakeholder. If the law is passed, the courts in U. S. will be tasked with making a decision of whether Chiquita is indeed liable for, what the company was believing to be, paying the extortion and â€Å"protection† money to safeguard their employees against harm from FARC or AUC. Here the court may be in a dilemma, since the illegal activity that Chiquita engaged itself in was believed to be because it was trying to protect lives of their employees. Now, with one more law in place—to compensate those who suffered from FARC and AUC—the dilemma will boil down to determining if what Chiquita believed to be the reasoning behind these payments, was indeed it. If yes, could we punish Chiquita for trying to protect their employees? The other main stakeholders are the victims (and their families) of FARC and AUC’s actions. They are trying to bring to justice people who are responsible for their suffering. Now, the challenge is that they are trying to bring to justice a company that was not directly but rather indirectly harming them. The reasoning behind this is the belief that the money Chiquita paid was indeed used in hurting those people. The victims and their families have right to demand justice. The question remains, of who actually should be brought to justice. Options Analysis Based on the current situation (company already admitted to paying the money, internal documents that the money did provide benefits exceeding the protecting of the employees were unveiled, threat of lawsuits), Chiquita has couple limited options, which are based on justice and duty. First option is to come out now and take the responsibility for the actions of FARC and AUC. The law may not be in place yet, but this decision may show that Chiquita is standing by its promise to protect people affected by its actions. This option definitely addresses the claims of victims and their families—they will get the compensation they are seeking. Chiquita will face multiple lawsuits and will be harmed financially, which affects shareholders of the company. In this case the reasoning behind the payments is brought in place—whether it was for corporate gain or protection of employees. Another option would be to refuse paying compensation to victims of FARC and AUC based on the fact that Chiquita did nothing directly to harm them. Moreover, they were protecting people by paying the terrorist. If the law holding the company responsible for these actions is not in place, the company and the U. S. justice system are â€Å"off the hook† and the victims and families can’t seek to have their claims fulfilled. If the law holding the company responsible is in place, then Chiquita is going to be brought to justice and both the justice system and the victims will have their legal claims fulfilled. Recommendation It comes down to determining whether the company benefitted in other ways than protecting their employees from paying for the â€Å"protection† from FARC and AUC. From the information provided in the internal documents it seems like it did. Even without the internal documents, Chiquita did benefit financially from being present for all those years in Colombia (Chiquita in Colombia Case, p. 4: according to AUGURA, â€Å"productivity on Latin and Central American plantations were three times greater than in the Caribbean, and costs to import were 50% lower†). The company had the direct benefit in paying the FARC and AUC for their â€Å"protection. † Doing business in Colombia was lucrative and giving it up was (at that time) more damaging than paying terrorist. That’s why my recommendation to Chiquita is to come forward and admit to their wrongdoing and pay the claimants for their damages. It will be hard to run a company with such past, but this lesson will (hopefully) help avoid such issues in the future (not only for Chiquita but also other companies who are doing business internationally in unstable political and security environments). Action Let’s say someone is threatening to kill me unless I give him or her my car. I know he or she may kill someone else with it—I wouldn’t give it up even if I paid with my own life for it. If my family is threatened—I give it up, since I am responsible for more people. If the situation repeats over many years and every month I give up the car to protect myself and my family, more and more people are being killed. Do I admit to what that someone does? Am I responsible for this? I would want to think that not. But if there is a case of repeat actions like this, I would have to take that responsibility. And that’s why Chiquita should act on their core social responsibility values they preach. Synopsis By giving money to FARC and AUC, Chiquita approved of the actions of the two organizations. The solution is to now take the responsibility for these actions.